The Role of Women in Othello - 645 Words

There are only three female characters in William Shakespeares play Othello, Desdemona, Othello’s wife, Emilia, Iago’s wife and Desdemona’s lady-in-waiting, and Bianca, a courtesan. When first introduced to this limited number of representatives of the female gender, it is quickly assumed that they will not be very present or have an important role in story. In addition, the male characters of the play see women as submissive and promiscuous possessions that should be controlled by either their fathers or spouses. However Shakespeare’s female characters are shown to question male authority and to have the ability to speak for themselves, which could be seen as feminist statement during the Elizabethan time that Shakespeare lived in. Desdemona can easily be seen to embody an example of the perfect women in an Elizabethan society, being beautiful, obedient, and high born. Her submissive nature is often seen through her own lines in the play, for example â€Å"I am obedient† (III.3.89) and her statement in act 4 when Othello tells her to go to bed she replies with â€Å"I will, my lord† (IV.3.9). She continues to comply throughout the play, and even in her last moment she lies for her husband saying that she took her own life. Emilia is the female character who’s strength is more obvious than the rest, shown by her open willingness to betray her husband even though she is aware of that it is not the proper thing to do. â€Å"Tis proper I obey him, but not now† (V.2.195). However sheShow MoreRelatedThe Role of Women in Othello777 Words   |  3 Pagescircle but it is ordinarily believed that women are the weaker species. Women in this play conduct themselves in such a way that they allo w men to dominate them. Back in the days women were taken as property. They were distrusted and mistreated. Men held more power than women. The disparity in the number of characters expresses the preferred gender in the play; there are more men than women. This bigotry is very much accentuated in the whole play. Women are spoken vicious of and often treated asRead MoreRoles Of Women In Othello1112 Words   |  5 PagesIn William Shakespeare’s tragic drama â€Å"Othello†, Shakespeare puts emphasis on the role of the female characters and their influence on the male protagonists. Othello’s love and jealousy regarding his wife made this play a tragedy. There are only three women in the play Othello; Desdemona, Emilia and Bianca. The way in which these women behave and present themselves strongly reflects the ideological expectations of women within Shakespeare’s imagined Venetian society as well as the Elizabethan societyRead MoreEssay on Role of Women in Othello1742 Words   |  7 PagesRole of Women in Othello  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   In William Shakespeare’s tragic drama Othello, the wife of the protagonist, Desdemona, is the main female character. Secondly, there is the ancient’s wife, Emilia, who is morally ambivalent. Thirdly, there is the girlfriend of Michael Cassio, Bianca, who makes her appearance later in the drama. This essay will analyze the roles of these three women.    At the outset of the play Iago persuades the rejected suitor of Desdemona, Roderigo, to accompany himRead MoreEssay On The Role Of Women In Othello1919 Words   |  8 Pages In William Shakespeare’s tragic drama Othello, Shakespeare puts emphasis on the role of the female characters and their influence on the male protagonists. Othello’s love and jealousy regarding his wife made this play a tragedy. There are only three women in the play Othello; Desdemona, Emilia, and Bianca. The way in which these women behave and present themselves strongly reflects the ideological expectations of women within Shakespeare’s imagined Venetian society as well as the Elizabethan societyRead More Role of Women in Shakespeare’s Othello Essay1036 Words   |  5 PagesRole of Women in Shakespeare’s Othello In Shakespeare’s Othello, the role of women is greatly emphasized. The important characters of the play, Othello, Iago, and Cassio, each have a women that stands behind him. These women each have an obligation to remain loyal and respect their husbands wishes, especially Desdemona and Emilia. We see Desdemona as a young beautiful white female, madly in love with a powerful black man. She is strong inside but doesnt tend to show that side of her asRead More The Role Of Women in Shakespeares Othello Essay1469 Words   |  6 Pages The Role Of Women in Othellonbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp; In Shakespeares Othello, as in most writings of his time, women are viewed as trophies or objects to capture the attention of men. I do not doubt that these men do love their wives, but the love, respect and admiration for their women is much different that of our time. It seems modern women are much more capable of having what could be known as an equal opportunity marriage. In the days of sacred virginityRead MoreShakespeare s Othello - Women s Roles2050 Words   |  9 PagesWomen in Othello In Shakespeare’s Othello women are depicted as possessions, ’whores’, and generally just submissive beings with only a few situational exceptions. They are simply sexual objects in the view of the men that dominate this play, but at times they break free of that label and show that women can be much more than that. In today’s society women are praised, they have value, and are worth much more than how they are depicted by Shakespeare. Each of the three women in the play haveRead MoreShakespeare s Othello - Role Of Women And Gender Representation1312 Words   |  6 PagesWomen in Othello The role of women and gender representation in Othello challenged the male dominated society in that time period. Women in Shakespeare’s time were seen as being loyal and submissive to their husbands and not going against their husband’s judgment. Shakespeare developed complex and varied female characters in his plays, especially the women portrayed in Othello. In the play, Shakespeare introduces three female characters: Desdemona, Othello s wife, Emilia, Iago’s wife and mistressRead MoreWomen ´s Role in Othello by William Shakespeare717 Words   |  3 PagesFrailty, thy Name is Woman Women stereotypically are portrayed as a weak gender. Often women are given the roles in which they must rely on the protection and permission of men to go about both action and idea. When conflict occurs between any male characters, the female character can be torn and forced to make a decision in which no matter the decision, she will be put in a bad view. When the demand for a woman to have allegiance to a man’s will and subsequently given no opinion or independentRead MoreThe Character Desdemona and the Role of Women Depicted in Shakespeares Othello822 Words   |  4 PagesThe society in which Othello takes place is a patriarchal one, where men had complete control over women. They were seen as possessions rather than being just as equally human and capable of duties performed by men. All women of the Elizabethan were to obey all men, fathers, brothers, husbands, etc. Which leads me to the most reliable and trustworthy character of Desdemona, whom goes through many trial s just to satisfy her love. Shakespeare brings the thought of Desdemona into the play by Barbantio

Dehumanization in Slavery based on Accounts from Clotel Free Essays

string(123) " Child was copied word for word except for some insertions by the Brown to express his political views \(Schweninger 28\)\." William Wells Brown warns us that slavery does not only victimize the weak and blacks. In his novel, he points out that â€Å"no one is safe† from slavery, whether â€Å"white or black† (Schweninger 23). In the face of this fact, it seem ironic that the country that is now called the â€Å"land of the free† and â€Å"home of the brave† was once a country where slaves were sold and treated almost with cold blood (Schweninger 23). We will write a custom essay sample on Dehumanization in Slavery based on Accounts from Clotel or any similar topic only for you Order Now Indeed, no one is safe, for even a president’s daughter has been sold to be a slave. What could be more painful than to be parted from your beloved and your daughter and be sold as a slave, knowing that your daughter would be treated as ill as a servant? This is the Calvary that Clotel had to bear as a slave, though she was, by popular lore, a daughter of the president. And if it were true that she was indeed a daughter of the president (Schweninger 28), would it not be more painful on her part, knowing that she was the daughter of the most powerful man in country, yet she had to be a slave and a concubine? The very thought of this situation dehumanizes Gods masterpiece. There is a rich literature about Brown’s novel, both digital and printed. Most of them bank on the cruelty of slavery. Articlemyriad. com reminds the readers that the novel is fiction, but description of slavery with all its vividness in the accounts of the characters’ lives is true. It can be well understood how something fictitious can capture the truth behind every word and expression. The writer himself was once a slave, and in fact, the first part of the novel is a biographical account of how he escaped slavery (Analysis and Themes 1). Hence, we see slavery, not in the eyes of someone who has just seen it, but someone who had been a slave, someone who had as firsthand experience of the dehumanizing treatment to slaves. It is not, however, the hard work that Brown resents, but the fact that humans, free or slave are not to be sold (Schweninger 22). At this juncture, it is important to focus more on the historicity of the accounts in the novel. As Articlemyriad. com points out, the novel is fiction, but the accounts are real. No president of the United States would have had a slave daughter, but the experiences of the characters in the novel, from the most â€Å"optimistic† to the most â€Å"pessimistic† were not products of imagination (Analysis and Themes 3). As Clotel became a mistress, and was sold, later tried to escape and then commit suicide in despair, Brown was showing a concrete example of what happened to slaves. It was not their fault to be born as mulatto or black or yellow skin, but they faced the discrimination and social prejudice and stereotyping. One example of this stereotyping is stated in the website mentioned. Society does not frown upon the man who sits with his mulatto child upon his knee whilst its mother stands a slave behind his chair† (Brown 55). We can see from this statement that there is something bout being a mulatto child and a slave mother. A slave, though mother of the master’s child, remains to be a slave and does not seem to have the right to be wife, and only has the right to be a mistress, a whore. If a white were mother to child of a master, then the master would have to marry her in most cases, of the master would have to face suit, but slaves had no liberty to fight for their rights no matter how disgraced they have been. Though the article points out that the novel is fiction, it gives way to Brown’s claims that the novel is â€Å"no fiction† (Analysis and Themes 2), for it is â€Å"founded in truth† (Analysis and Themes 2). The truthfulness of accounts in the novel is what the other two articles by Schweninger and Giulla, although Giulla’s accounts are rather more focused on the language of the blacks. Schweninger puts forth that in as much as the events in the novel could have taken place to slaves; the accounts in the novel were not historically accurate as far as chronology of events is concerned. She mentions several inconsistencies in the chronology of events, one of which is the impossibility of Clotel’s birth in 1798 and â€Å"have her mother witness the 1842 burning when her daughter was only 16† (Schweninger 27). Therefore, according to Schweninger, the point of Brown is not to make a accurate historical account (although he told the readers that the novel is not fiction), but to stress the inhumane treatment to slaves, especially to African Americans and the mulatto. In fact, in the preface of the novel, Brown states â€Å"Were it not for persons in high places owning slaves†¦ Slavery would have long been abolished. (Schweninger iv). And who were these persons in high places? Brown identifies them as â€Å"professed Christians† who give the system (slavery) â€Å"a reputation† (Schweninger iv). Schweninger suggests that the â€Å"undercutting of the chronology of events stresses that it is not the chronology that is important in the no vel but the universality of the topic and slavery in any year or era would have been the same† (Schweninger iv). The people would have suffered just as much and the abusers would have abused the slaves just as much. And as Brown has said, slavery remained not condemned, because the people who had the power to stop it knew its evil but did not want to lose their slaves. They would be hurt in material loses. The battle cry of Brown is not for people to be freed from work. Everyone has to work, but no one deserves to be sold as a slave. Schweninger traces the story of Clotel to another popular lore called Child, where Clotel was originally named Rosalie. She attests that the story of Child was copied word for word except for some insertions by the Brown to express his political views (Schweninger 28). You read "Dehumanization in Slavery based on Accounts from Clotel" in category "Papers" For instance, Scweninger narrates, when Clotel urged the master to move from one place to another, Brown inserted some statements that would highlight the anti-slavery theme of the novel. So, in the original text from Child, the line says â€Å"the slave mistress urged her master ‘to remove to France or England (Scweninger 64)†, but in the text of Brown, there is the insertion â€Å"where both her child would be free and where colour was not a crime (Brown 85). Horatio, the master responded to this suggesting her why not reamin her mistress even after he got married. To this, Brown added a text saying, â€Å"True, she was his slave; bones, and sinews had been purchased by his gold, yet she had the heart of a true woman† (Brown 112). Schweninger also points out that Brown inserted Clotel’s consideration of remaining as a mistress a criminal act (Schweninger 28). Another important matter about the novel is the choice of places to mention. Schweninger confirms the accuracy of the accounts in the place where Currer (Clote’s mother) was – Natchez (Schweninger 29). It was a place, according to Buckingham (from Schweninger 29) where gambling and all sorts of vices were rampant, but most especially, it was a place where people were cruel to slaves. Hence, it was also the site where a runaway slave was burned. Another place mentioned that can be noted for accuracy is Richmond, where Clotel’s daughter was sold. Richmond was, according to Marie Tyler-McGraw (in Schweninger 29) the center of slave trade. It was a powerful place, then, primarily because it was the center of slave brokerage. However, there was some mistake in Brown’s choice for the time when Clotel was caught in Richmond. According to Schweninger, Clotel could not have been caught during the time of the Turner uprising in 1831, because she was mentioning names of presidential candidates of 1839 (Schweninger 30). Yet, Schweninger argues that this â€Å"misplacement† is of no importance because what was being pointed out here was the she was accused of being a part of the uprising and that was why she was hiding in disguise (Schweninger 30. ). It clear here that Brown’s intention is to show that slaves, too, are humans, capable of upholding morality, and want to uphold morality. They want to do what is right and to be in a place where they can be free, but the people who hold them captives refuse to let them do what they believe is right. Slaves are capable of love and reason, but all that the people who own them see in them is flesh and blood, not human beings with a soul, heart and mind. They were treated as properties and not as members of the society. I believe it pays to go back to Brown’s own words that the institutionalization and rationalization of slavery stated with the people on top, so to stop slavery, then the â€Å"guilt† should be â€Å"fastened† to the people in the â€Å"higher circle† (Brown iv). When Horatio got married, his wife saw Clotel as a threat so she had her sold. She tried to escape by disguising herself many times. She so got caught by the slave hunters and later committed suicide. This is seen by Articlemyriad. om as the evidence of the idea that the novel does not present optimism or pessimism in whole (Analysis and Themes 1). There were optimistic moments such as those when she was able to escape, yet she still wound up dead by her own will. However, another critique sees the disguises done by Clotel in a different way. Berthold sees every change in costume as a representation of the adversities that Clotel had to face as a female slave (Berthold 19). Guilla argues that male s were connotative for slaves then, so any woman portrayed as a slave would be something new in literature. So, in Berthold’s explanations, he points out that each time Clotel changes costume, there was something to show about the society and something about her personality and slavery (Berthold 19), even making reference to Brown in the 1880 My Southern Home, â€Å"Extravagance in dress, is a great and growing evil with our people† (Brown 232). For instance, most of Clotel’s disguises were as a white male, just to get out of the situation she was in. It is shown here how people are also judged by their clothing, and so goes with the stereotyping, the gender roles and the power in the gender role. So, if we look into the disguises that Clotel had, she first disguised herself as Mr. Johnson, then as an Italian or Spanish. She actually faced more danger when she disguised herself because she was wearing the shoes of someone whose roles she was not familiar with. When she disguised as a Spanish or Italian, the tension must have been great for she had to speak Italian or Spanish if ever any Spanish or Italian spoke to her. It also, then put her life in danger. Yet, the dangerous attempt got her what she wanted. However, in the end, when she committed suicide, Berthold saw this as â€Å"undisguising† herself, one that ascertained freedom for her, for she died as herself, not as anyone else (Berthold 30). Giulla sees the arrangement of the plot as a product of the author’s effort to expose the life of a community of slaves and need â€Å"to structure the fictional text around the evolution of the individual fate (Guilla 639)† and in so doing, explain the shifts from romance to realism in a exhaustively detailed depiction of slavery and the made-up â€Å"re-unions of long lost relatives and lovers (Guilla 639). If we examine the novel, the members of the family were separated because they were sold to different masters and had different fates. They must have yearned to be with each other as a mother wants to be with her daughter and a daughter with her mother, but the cruelty of slavery kept them from being together, even to the point of their death. This brings us back t o the pessimistic ending that Articlemyriad is talking about. In fact, when one is a slave, what optimism can pone really expect, but a life of hard work and subhuman treatment unless, of course one meets an extraordinary master. But even in the case Clotel, she had romance with Horatio, but the man did not consider his affair with her as something valuable, for if he did, he would have agreed to take her to France or England. We now go back to what I said earlier that slaves were seen as flesh and blood but not as humans with soul and mind. Brown’s style in writing the novel presents and extraordinary mixture of fact and fiction. The story is based on a popular lore that the people then knew, yet he gave it a different touch that made the people understand what was going on. Instead of using male slaves as heroes in the story to enable them to engage in physical confrontations and rebellions, Brown used the female slave to show the beauty and morality behind the mulatto and blacks, that though they were slaves, they had good hearts, and they were good people capable of love and ion need of love, especially in need of love. A show of rebellion could have shown what the society would be if slavery continued, but that was something that was expected to happen (although he made a novel end with a civil war). Brown deemed it more important to show, not the violence that will rise if slavery does not stop, but the impact of slavery to the lives of the people who had been being treated as animals for decades and even centuries by people who profess that they are Christians. To this, it makes a reference to the situation when Clotel disguised herself as Spanish or Italian. These people are known for their devotion in Catholicism. Here, I want to point out that the people who profess that they love God are also the ones who have been showing cruelty to the weak. They were actually hypocrites in a time when religion was strictly followed. We can see from the accounts mentioned by Schweninger that Brown had good accounts in geographical locations, but seems to have had some problems with historical accuracy. However, whether he had problems with chronology of events or he intended them to be such to stress certain points (like in the case of Clotel’s capture during the Turner uprising), his work remains to be a living testament of what happened to the blacks and mulattos in the United States. His work remains to be a loud cry during his time, transcending the boundaries of time to portray the evils of slavery. After all that the blacks and mulattos have experienced, they only deserve to have a part in the land once said to be flowing with milk and honey. The land of opportunity belongs, not only to the whites but also the clacks, and their children. Clotel is a literary treasure, not only to the blacks, but also to the world. It is a legacy, which through it history-based narrative has shown the plight of people in a certain place at a certain point of time. It can be considered a dark age of history, but it is also proof that whenever there is something wrong, the right will also shine. How to cite Dehumanization in Slavery based on Accounts from Clotel, Papers

Relations As A Crisis Management Function â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Relations As A Crisis Management Function? Answer: Introduction United Airlines is one of the largest and oldest airlines in the world. It operates over four thousand flights everyday carrying passengers across five continents (Wahba, 2017). It boasts of having the most comprehensive network of routes with an estimated annual carrying capacity of one hundred and fifty million covering more than three hundred airports in the world. It maintains a large fleet of aircraft numbering in excess of seven hundred. United Airline is a founding member of Star Alliance providing service to 28 member airlines (Wahba, 2017). On October 1, 2010 the company was listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the name and symbol UAL following internal restructuring. Background United Airlines was founded in 1916 trading under the name Boeing Airline Company (Heppenheimer, 1995). The company embarked on an ambitious strategy of acquisitions, mergers and amalgamation of other aviation-based companies. The company initially specially operated mail-only services. It was not until March 1931 that the company acquired United Air Lines, Inc. launching commercial airline services. It is by dint of this acquisition that United Airlines lay claim to being the first passenger flight company in the USA. The company focused flight routes between member states in the USA, following a path successfully trodden by the mail service branch. In 1933, the company acquired a Boeing 247(Heppenheimer, 1995). It was a revolutionary introduction in the flight industry. For the first time in the history of commercial flights, passengers were able to fly directly across the USA without the necessity of making an overnight stop. It was faster than any previous model. However, it was not all-smooth sailing. On October 10, 1933, Boeing 247 suffered mid-air explosion and crashed in Indiana, killing all seven people aboard. Successful investigation revealed detonation of a bomb concealed in the luggage section of the plane (Heppenheimer, 1995). This marked a first in targeted air sabotage. By 1940, United Airlines had acquired fifty aircrafts on its fleet. Their planes would eventually be modified to offer support to the armed forces of the USA during World War II. As technology in aviation advanced, the company cashed in renewed demand for air services. As opportunities grew so were the dangers. On November 1, 1955, United Airlines suffered another bombing killing all forty-four people aboard. Unlike the previous bomb, this time the culprit was apprehended (Heppenheimer, 1995). The company suffered a series of deadly accidents in the late 50s losing three planes in three different mid-air collisions. This helped to develop the current Air Traffic Control. On June 1, 1961, the company merged with Capital Airlines to become the second largest airline in the world only surpassed by the Aeroflot based in the Soviet Union. This marked another stint in an aggressive expansion of the company characterized by acquisitions and modernization of its fleet. On 23 December, 1973 the company would cement it goodwill among the public by registering another first (Heppenheimer, 1995). Flight DC-10 was the first civil flight to carry a seating president of the USA. The company has maintained positive high ranking in the perception index amongst the public. Federal Investigations In September 2015, the company parted with its chief executive officer and two other executives following investigations by the federal authority. The company was suspected to have entered into a quid pro quo agreement with the then chairperson of Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (Boon, 2016). The port authority in return was asked to effect some improvements to Newark Liberty International Airport. The airline chief executive officer eventually pleaded guilty and duly resigned, costing the company 14% of its stock market value. Oscar Munoz was appointed to steady the company following the departure of its former leader (Boin, 2016). Mr. Munoz has steered the company into a major turnaround. In spite of initial concerns about his health, he managed to broker contract extension between the airline and flight attendant union that had hit an impasse for over a year. The company also gained twenty seven percent on stock capitalization during the year 2016. Forcible ejection of Dr. David Dao However, the company damaged its relatively good image following an altercation on flight 3411 on 9 April 2017. On the material day, security officers were called in to eject one passenger. The flight had been overbooked and the crew requested four of the passengers to a light (Lammers, 2017). None was willing. It was at this point that security was called to forcefully eject one Dr. David Dao off United Express Flight 3411, schedule to depart for Louisville. Dr. Dao had maintained that he could not cancel his considering he had to attend to patients back in Kentucky. The security detail proceeded to drag Dr. Dao on the floor of the plane toward the exit much to the consternation of fellow passengers. The wailing doctor later claimed to the media that he was targeted on the basis of his race. He is of Asian origin. He was later hospitalized as a result of the rough treatment meted upon him by the security personnel (Lammers, 2017). The whole episode was recorded by passengers on boar d using their telephone. By the time the flight was landing in Louisville, the video footage of the incident was already trending social media. It was quickly picked by the mainstream media. Response by the company The first official response to the episode came via the CEO, Mr. Oscar Munoz apologizing for having to re-accommodate passengers. It made no mention of the injuries suffered by Dr. Dao. The online response to Mr. Munoz was fast and furious. The reigning U.S Communicator of the year had turned his companys poor customer care incident into a PR disaster (Lammers, 2017). The ramifications spread into the stock market, crashing the nominal value of United Airlines by an estimated one billion dollars. An isolated incident had turned into a global disaster fuelled by the power of the social media. The response of the company had amplified the problem. A proper response would have been to offer quick and unreserved apology to Dr. Dao acknowledging the bodily injuries sustained during the scuffle (Lammers, 2017).Days later, an e-mail by the CEO meant for internal consumption was leaked to the media commending the actions of the employees and how they responded to the incident. It went ahead to malign Dr. Dao as being disruptive and belligerent. He noted how the employees had followed laid down procedures to handle such cases. Public outrage The public backlash toward the airline was taken a notch higher. The absolute lack of basic empathy by the company was unacceptable. The chief executive officer had been hired to fix a public relation crisis occasioned by his predecessor (Lammers, 2017). One year down the line, he had created his own public relations disaster. A few days later Mr. Munoz was forced to apologize to Dr. Dao for forcible ejection from the plane describing the incident more appropriately as horrific. He reiterated his commitment to make things better and duly took the responsibility. By this time, the airline was in public perception crisis, social media awash with memes ridiculing the company (Lammers, 2017). The chief executive officer should have moved with speed to offer apology and contain the damage caused by the viral video. The power of social media The importance and power of the social media cannot be overemphasized. It had propelled an isolated incident into a global public relations disaster. Companies can no longer get away with such bad incidents are long gone (Lammers, 2017). The smartphone and the digital technology have the power to spread such occurrence to a global outreach. Once the video was posted online, the video assumed some element of permanence; it could no longer be removed from the media. United Airlines had lost control over it. This calls on the need for companies to develop appropriate policy regarding interaction with the public via the social media. Effect on key Asian markets Dr. Daos case attracted a lot of interest in China, a hugely promising target market for company growth. His assertion that he was mistreated because of his Asian decent is likely to have adverse effect on the airline as the target market must have watched the unflattering video (An, 2010). Increased spotlight A month after the video surfaced, another negative incident was reported. A giant rabbit on board united airline bound for Chicago died mid-flight. Ordinarily such an n issue would not attract much public interest (Lammers, 2017). However, the previous treatment of Dr. Dao had broken its previously good image and any bad incident was bound to be told to the world. How to respond It is important to respond quickly to customer related incidents. This entails seeking the aggrieved person and offering an apology before reports of the incident spreads (Lammers, 2017). This was a critical failure on the part of Mr. Munoz. It is also important that all underlying facts are established before going to the media. Once every detail of the incident is established, it becomes easy to design the right response not only to the aggrieved persons but also to the media (Lammers, 2017). When sharing such information with the media it is important that you be transparent. You should be ready to own your response, admitting mistakes if they happen and taking necessary action to avoid such mistakes happening again. We live in an era of cell phones that produce videos and capture moments instantly. The incident bedeviling the united airline is simply a snippet. It captures the worst part of a long incident. That is the modern age. A more tactical approach such as offering compensation to any passenger who volunteers to cancel his booking would have said the day (An, 2010). That should have been the first line of public relations. When the ugly incident happened, timely apology should have pacified emotions. It did not come early enough and when it did, United Airline did not address the root cause. Transparency was seen lacking. It marked a chain of poor public relation exercises that hit the good name of the airline costing it current and potential earnings. A competently assembled public relations team would have addressed and managed the crisis before it gained global notoriety. It needed a simple sign of empathy and care on the part of the company. United airlines should be guided by the following principles when developing future policy to guide in public relations (Wamba, 2017). It represents internationally recognized maxims that must guide the thought process of formulating the companys PR exercise: Transparency The public relations personnel should always practice honesty. United Airlines should never have attempted to mislead the public by releasing wrong information lacking in facts (Fall, 2004). Lies have the tendency to unravel and when they do the potential, fallout would be worse than the issues the company had tried to conceal. The information being disseminated to the public should attempt to portray the company as positively as possible. However, the underlying principle is keeping as much to the truth as possible. Contact with the public Any form of press release emanating from the company should be accompanied with the name of contact persons, telephone numbers and both the mail and e-mail address (Fall, 2004). The public should have communication channels made open with the company, and also to give a chance to media to make follow ups should the story be of interest to them Target consumers of information The mode of dissemination of information will be based on the target audience. With the widespread social media platforms, a large audience can easily be reached (Fall, 2004). The video showing Dr. Dao being forcibly removed from the plane reached global audience mainly because of social media. In addressing the fallout, the management of United airline should make every effort to reach as much audience as the damaging video. Photographic communication Visual images have the power to shed emphasis on whatever subject that may be under discussion (Fall, 2004). The unfortunate incident involving Dr. Dao gained traction with the public mainly because it was in form of a video. The footage of the scuffle in which the security team could be seen roughing up the passenger had a powerful effect on the emotions of the public. At that juncture it did not matter whether the employees of the United airlines followed the laid down procedures, the video showing a bloodied Mr. Dao being dragged out of the plane served as a powerful tool in emphasizing the folly of longstanding poor customer care practices of the company. In the same breath, any response to the mistreatment should attempt to whip up the emotions of the public as much as possible. The purpose is to paint the company to be as caring and full of empathy as possible. Media outreach Good media relations certainly are very important. Journalists have the power to advance the image of the company in either way. Warm ties will likely give the company opportunities for interviews opening up channels to advance your strategies to the general public (Fall, 2004). A poor relationship with the media is likely to expose the company to unwarranted negative reporting in the public. It is in the best interest of every public relations professional to have a journalist as an ally and not a foe. Public relations tools The PR department of the company must understand the wide range of tools available to them choosing, the most appropriate depending on cost and the target audience. This includes seminars, personal interviews, direct mail, speeches and web broadcast. Timely Response Most press releases from public relations officers are planned well in advance. It may have been arranged to showcase launch of a new product or unveiling new office holders. However PR personnel must be prepared to release timely media report should a scandal breakout. Timely response will serve to calm down an agitated public (Fall, 2004). In the case of Mr. Dao, the company took too long to come out and issue an apology. When it eventually responded, it failed to understand the extent of damage caused by the video. United Airline must be prepared to face the public in the right way when an emergence need arises. Staying active and available Public relations professionals should always be available either in person or through contacts where they can clarify issues regarding the company before distorted information is published in the media (Fall, 2004). Remaining available on call is critical to public relations. In the same breath, United Airlines should not wait for the big moments to come out and meet the public through media. They must stay active throughout, engaging the public through other channels such the social media and seminars. Check your facts Before coming out to the public through the media, it was important that United Airlines public relations team gathered all facts relating to Dr. Daos incident. Although a timely response is important, it would defeat logic to rush to defend the company before checking your facts (Fall, 2004). Any information released to the public that eventually proves false is likely to hurt the airline in the long run. References An, S. K., Cheng, I. H. (2010). Crisis Communication Research in Public Relations Journals: Tracking.The handbook of crisis communication,65. Boin, A., Stern, E., Sundelius, B. (2016).The politics of crisis management: Public leadership under pressure. Cambridge University Press. Fall, L. T. (2004). The increasing role of public relations as a crisis management function: An empirical examination of communication restrategising efforts among destination organisation managers in the wake of 11th September, 2001.Journal of Vacation Marketing,10(3), 238-252. Heppenheimer, T. A., Heppenheimer, T. (1995).Turbulent skies: the history of commercial aviation. New York: J. Wiley Sons. Lammers, J. C. (2017). Search form.Crisis. Seldin, M., Johnson, L. (2017). How United Airlines Analytics and Algorithms Can Help to Save American Democracy.World Journal of Social Science,4(2), 52. Wahba, G. (2017). Measuring the effect of Viral Negative Sentiment on Market Value: Case Study on United Airlines Crisis 2017

Tennessee Williams

Introduction Tennessee Williams is one of the celebrated creative and classical writers who contributed to the success of America theatrical industry. America not only acknowledged William as the cream of the playwright industry but also as an inspiration to the upcoming young writers. Most of Williams plays are one-act plays, the examples include summer at the lake, Fat man’s wife and the suddenly, Last Summer among others.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Tennessee Williams specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, some of the plays like a streetcar Named Desire and Baby doll are doing great in the film industry and they have led to the recognition of some actors/actresses like Malden, Brando, and Leigh at the Oscar awards. Although William work was popular, he also received criticisms questioning his moral values mainly because his work majorly centered on sexuality and inhumanity rather tha n the life issues affecting the contemporary world. Therefore, William is a successful playwright who overlooked his critiques to not only inspire the next generations but also contribute to film industry thus redefining the theater and cinema industry. Critical Analysis of some of his plays Although William passed away in 1983, his work still lingers in the minds of very many people especially in the theater world. A twist of the events is that some of the plays he wrote in the twentieth century are now becoming popular in the twenty first century. For instance, the play summer at the lake is about a young man with oppressive, strict parents who do not give him a chance to make his life choices (Isherwood 1). They force him to desert his education and look for employment. Written in 1937 the play was only available in the Texas archives but in 2004, the theater industry retrieved and published it for both academic and entertaining purposes. In addition, the plays are modeling the c areers of different people in the theater industry including actors and producers just to mention a few. Kathleen Chalfant and Hunter Gilmore are among the famous actors who are benefiting from the ancient plays. Therefore, despite having died two decades ago Tennessee William’s legacy still lives up to today especially in the cinema/drama world. Similarly, to the play summer at the lake, the fat man’s wife is another Williams’ work that remained dormant in the Texas archives in New York. Written in 1938, the play focuses on a woman who has a chance to choose between a youthful playwright, a producer in the theatre and a piggy, awkward, ill-mannered husband. The play became popular in November 2004 after finding its way in the New York theatres.Advertising Looking for research paper on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Isherwood, the aim of the entertainment industry was to carry on Williams’ legacy by staging plays that were not popular before (1). The play questions Williams’ morality because despite Vera Cartwright being legally in matrimony, he still gives her a chance to go out with other men some even being younger than her. Likewise, the producer and playwright admire Cartwright yet she is legally married. The play is currently in the New York theatres, therefore enabling actors/actress to not only become popular but also earn a living. A movie of the play is yet to hit the film industry. Finally, the publication of the play is a good contribution to the academic world especially for the students studying literature. Some of William’s plays focused on the problems that faced his society at that time. For instances, the play Suddenly, Last summer recaptures or is parallel to his sister’s life. Written in 1958, the play touches on the author’s personal life and morality issues (homosexuality) in the society. In t he play, Catherine loses her sanity after the death of her cousin Sebastian while he was away in Europe. Contrary to his death, the truth reveals Sebastian was a homosexual and a victim of cannibalism. Originally, produced in 1958, the play was successful winning the Obie award. Similarly, in real life his sister suffers from schizophrenia therefore behaving as a mad person. Williams’ personal experience with his sister inspires him to write a gothic play that eventually receives a worldwide criticism. Due to his creativity and worldwide recognition, some of Williams plays paved way into the film industry and the BBC television. Suddenly, Last summer is one of the plays that ended up in nearly all entertainment categories like the film, television, Broadway and off-Broadway among others. The play is both artistic and poetic making it attractive to academicians. In 1959, the Columbia pictures company released the film and due to its popularity, the movie won three awards nomin ation with two of its actors Hepburn and Taylor receiving nominations for best actors. Furthermore, in 1993 the film was on the entertainment industry through television like the BBC. The movie was in episodes branded Great performances. Consequently, Maggie Smith received nomination in the Emmy’s awards for the best actor. Recently, in 1995 and 2006, the Circle in the Square Theater and round about Theatre Company respectively ran the movie suddenly, last summer on both Broadway and off-Broadway. Additionally, in 2004, Albery theatre replayed the play, which led to collection of different views from the public because of its subject on homosexuality.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Tennessee Williams specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thusly, Williams’ plays significantly have modeled the careers of actors/actresses throughout the years. Currently, the movies are accessible to the whole wor ld through the internet services. On the other hand, in 1983, a song called Suddenly, Last summer hit the American charts. Therefore, William’s literary ideas benefited both the film and music industries. Beneficiaries of Williams’ work Williams’ work did not only redefine the entertainment industry but also built personal careers of many actors. Some of the plays led to the recognition of individual talents in the theatre by receiving various nominations and awards in both film and cinema industries. For instance, Maggie Smith, Ann Meacham, Diana Rigg, and Victoria Hamilton are some of the beneficiaries of Williams’ plays. Hamilton received the Evening Standard award while Rigg got the Obie award. The film versions of the plays also led to recognition of different personalities in the categories of directors, producers, and managers. Among the renown directors are Michael Kahn, Mandy Greenfield, and Paige Adams (Isherwood 2). Therefore, Williams’ plays are inspiration to the youths who want to venture into the cinema, drama, or film industry because through his achievements he acts as a role model. The beneficiaries of Williams’ work especially actors still stage his plays as away of both earning a living and popularizing the works to the younger generations. Although most of Williams’ works received admiration from the eyes of many people, some of his literary works received worldwide criticism. The controversial themes in Williams’ work were the main source of criticism; he concentrated on crucial topics like homosexuality, heterosexuality, cannibalism, and violence, which were sensitive subject at the time (Tennessee â€Å"Vol. 11† 36). Some critiques cited his obsession with sex and his ungodly character as the themes of his literary works. Furthermore, during the production of some of his plays, the film producer had to edit or remove the gothic parts. The recent criticized works are the fat man’s wife and suddenly, last summer due to their focus on controversial themes like sexuality and morality. On the other hand, some of the critics asserted that his plays carried similar themes. For instance, the play summer at the lake has a similar theme to the play the glass menagerie. Both of the plays had a domineering mother who ruled the life of her son. According to Lahr’s views â€Å"Donald is an early snapshot of Tom, for whom home is also ‘a hideous trap’† (1).Advertising Looking for research paper on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, Lahr connects the two plays mainly because of the similarity in the characters. Anybody who had watched the summer at the lake would definitely conclude the glass menagerie before watching it to the end. Moreover, Williams’ critics are against the repetition or redundancy in his literary works especially the similarity in the characters and subject matter. Worldwide reception of Williams work Suddenly, last summer is one of the plays that received criticism because the play revolved around crucial topics like homosexuality, cannibalism, insanity, and violence. For instance, a character like Sebastian is a homosexual whom the boys or man-eaters eat. Sexuality is one of the topics that always involve privacy and up to today, people are against anyone who publicizes it. Most of the terminologies in the play draw images of human depredation, which are a symbol of inhumanity or cruelty. The play highlights characters that are gruesome, inhuman, crazy, and irrational. Cr itics argue that these characters are in line with Williams’ personal interests. The critiques of his work are against his sadistic nature and high level of humiliation as his characters illustrate. According to some critiques, the fiction in Williams’ plays lacked basis and therefore rating it as incomplete, uncreative and sketchy (Tennessee â€Å"Vol. 15† 63). On the contrary, they are yet to understand why most of his plays received many awards yet through them, he promoted inhumanity in the society. The fat man’s wife is a play that is currently in the theatre after its publication in 2004. According to critiques, the play is a case of his poor or bad writing, because its theme mainly promotes infidelity in marriage. According to Williams, Cartwright is free to choose a man she likes and her husband cannot hinder her. In the end, she starts to save her marriage that seems to be falling apart. Lahr asserts that heterosexuality is a crucial topic that t he society should not handle carelessly as Williams did in this play (1). Additionally, Williams’ plays are unrealistic, emotional and not touching the real events that people incur in the world (Spoto 10). Williams’ ways of life as an alcoholic and drug addict are source of inspiration for his literature (Leverich 8). Consequently, his way of life drives him to write on subjects he mainly fantasizes on such as homosexuality. In comparison to other authors, Williams’ literary work differs slightly from the rest because he concentrates on reality and expresses his ideas explicitly. Moreover, he did not write about the political issues such as the World War II, which were affecting the society at that time. Some of his critiques compare his work with other writers like Carson McCullers who promoted gothic literature although he was not an American. Due to frequent criticisms and alcoholism, Williams’ career started to faint in 1960. Furthermore, the themes of his writings lacked sensation and creativity especially for those plays that had less fiction (Saddik 10). Most of the plays written after 1970 were not as successful as the plays written before 1960. On the other hand, Williams had supporters who appreciated and enjoyed his work. One of his supporters positively comments on his literary works when he says that,† it is Williams’ unique ability to adapt elements of realism and expressionism that distinguishes his work from that of his contemporaries† (Tennessee â€Å"Vol. 11† 36). Finally, Williams’ literary works draws parallelism from other writers at his time but the dynamic nature of the plays slightly elevates him above the other authors. Conclusion In summary, Williams is a celebrity in the literary world who has creatively written more than fifty plays. His writing career started in the 1930s and up to date, art lovers still enjoy his plays in cinemas, theatres, and film industries. Some of the plays have film versions, which further contribute to his legacy. The plays are source of livelihood for many actors/actresses in theatre and film industry. His absence does not hinder the current staging of his plays in the entertainment industry. Although the themes of his play revolve around sexuality and violence, which led to worldwide criticism, he won a number of awards. A critical analysis of his critiques and supporters reveals that his plays are better than other plays written at his time. Works Cited Isherwood, Charles. â€Å"Theatre Review: Rhinestones Are Next Door to Glass.† The New  York Times, November 12, 2004. Print. Lahr, John. â€Å"Soul sketches: Tennessee Williams’ unknown one-acts.†The New Yorker, November 22, 2004. Print. Leverich, Lyle. Tom: The Unknown Tennessee Williams. W. W. Norton Company, 1997. Print Saddik, Annette. The Politics of Reputation: The Critical Reception of Tennessee Williams’ Later Plays London: Associat ed University Presses, 1999. Print Spoto, Donald. The Kindness of Strangers: The Life of Tennessee Williams. New York: Da Capo Press, 1997. Print Tennessee, Williams. Introduction: Contemporary Literary Criticism Vol. 11. Ed. Jeffrey, Hunter. New York: Gale Cengage, 1999. Tennessee, Williams. Introduction: Contemporary Literary Criticism Vol.15. Ed. Sharon, Gunton.New York: Gale Cengage, 1980.eNotes.com.2006.24 This research paper on Tennessee Williams was written and submitted by user Darw1n to help you with your own studies. 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