Chinese Traditional Wedding Free Essays

Chinese Traditional Wedding In the distinctive culture, there are a wide range of customs and conventions in celebration festivities. Wedding customs are one of the most agent and representative traditions in uncovering the distinctions. Wedding function shows not just the adoration for couple or two families included, yet in addition mirrors the legacy of Chinese human advancement. We will compose a custom paper test on Chinese Traditional Wedding or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now Since the time old occasions, the most superb minutes in one’s life accompany accomplishment in marriage and birth of child. Chinese wedding enriches with one essential shading is red which makes the Western culture discover how they praise their wedding. In this paper, I acquaint with Chinese customary wedding function, for example, the images, arrangement, and parade of wedding. As indicated by Wang (1998), he clarifies a man side has the chances to pick what sort of a lady to be his significant other or mother of his youngsters. Initial, a man finds a lady to wed who has never dated with anybody. Second, a man meets woman’s guardians to connect with her. Moreover some of relationships are visually impaired on the grounds that marriage isn't developed from an adoration however it was a family association. Marriage is being masterminded between two families: pride and man of the hour don't have any acquaintance with one another. Without asking from their folks, numerous ladies had to wed with the men they never knew. Finally, Wang specifies that men are searching for a â€Å"value women† which implies a lady seems â€Å"docile, calm, and sweet. † He asserts that a man weds just to virgin lady in certainty like to a lady who have never dated with any other person next to him. In the Chinese conviction, a virgin lady offers respectable to her husband’s status and can carry love and serene to the family after a marriage. In a Chinese legend, Chinese individuals put stock in divine force of affection who attaches a red string to tie man and lady into a caring couple. The intensity of red continually unite the couple even from a huge span. The shading red turns into a predominant shading in the wedding service: red mythical beast, red wedding outfit, red candle†¦etc. Red is an image of most extreme twofold bliss and delight. During Chinese wedding function, they pick the red peonies and orchid speak to adore, new family, wellbeing and harmony is the attribute of Chinese culture (Xie, 1970). Not at all like the blossoms use in Western weddings, customary Chinese never utilized white blossoms in services aside from memorial service. Previously, a family frequently enlists a go between to go look for a coordinating lady of the hour and man of the hour as their parents’ demands. At that point, the two families become acquainted with one another, and counsel a spiritualist to break down that the man and woman’s birthday, name, and other data. Chinese individuals accept that a marriage arrangement can be facilitated except if the spiritualist tells that couple is acceptable coordinating (Mack, 2007). It is Chinese culture to trust in powerful. As opposed to Chinese culture, American culture simply set a wedding date as per time accessibility. American individuals accept that a marriage needs to develop from adoration; not a family relationship. Xie clarifies that there are numerous things to get ready before a wedding date for the two families. The conventional marriage isn't just around two individuals yet in addition two families coordinate together to praise this wedding. The two families set up a gathering day to talk about wedding of their little girl or child. At that point, they meet up to pick a favorable day which they accept a day of reckoning as indicated by prophetic signs. After this gathering, this couple considers as lawfully drew in through the two sides of guardians. This gives an open door for the groom’s family plans to send the blessings called â€Å"Grand Gifts or assurance to be wedded Gifts† to show their fair and money related capacity to the bride’s family. Stupendous Gift is a lot of blessing to be spoken to the bride’s family by groom’s family. All blessings ought to in even numbers meaning an affection for couple. Besides, red eggs would enclose by sets to an image â€Å"good things in double†. Li Shi Money is the measure of cash to decide by groom’s family, as a rule contains the number 9, for example, $99 or $999. The conventional Chinese convictions despite everything exist till today and the following future Chinese age with a to plan to live in joy and harmony after wedded. The two families are occupied to get ready for their girl and child wedding in the couple of months before wedding. Bride’s family would plan settlements which comprise of the endowments that the lady of the hour would bring to her husband’s home after marriage. When a lady weds, she considers as a piece of her husband’s family. The estimation of the endowment is utilized for a woman’s status in her new situation as a spouse and a little girl in-law. Her obligation isn't about her family any longer however her husband’s family (Mack, 2007). Simultaneously, Xie additionally makes reference to that the groom’s family is occupied to enrich the marriage house or room, for example, â€Å"double happiness† signs, red winged serpent and phoenix plan, and red flame to speak to love to the last. The wedding’s one of a kind custom and convention make the service significant and serious. The two customs, for example, â€Å"Hair dressing and Capping rituals† would be held in the bride’s and groom’s house on the morning of the big day. â€Å"Hair dressing† ceremonial happens in the bride’s home. Bride’s guardians pick a fortunate lady who lives with guardians in-law, kids and spouse, to assist the lady of the hour with making her hair in a bun which was a typical style for customary wedded lady when she turns into a grown-up and a wedded individual. Thus, â€Å"capping† ceremonial happens in the groom’s home, and hairdo changing is normally done by his mom (Costa, 1997). As indicated by Mack, the customary wedding day is â€Å"the lucky man would carry a car seat with trumpet blasting to carry his lady to his family. † Finally, the last advance is the tea function when the new couple serves tea to their folks to demonstrate their regard to them. Besides, the misery guardians give the blessing with cash to their little girl in-law and child in the wake of drinking tea since this blessing would urge them to have youngsters at the earliest opportunity. After this service, the new couple can have their private time together. Chinese wedding is confuse and too long in light of the fact that there are such huge numbers of steps that the lady of the hour and man of the hour need to follow before marriage or a day of marriage. On the off chance that we contrast with American wedding day, American individuals commend their wedding service in chapel with a short measure of time. American guardians give all the more right to their girl or child to pick the day of their marriage, area of their marriage, and get their wedding ensemble (white). White shading speaks to decontaminate of lady with legitimate and love. The Chinese conventional wedding service is viewed as an otherworldly function and the showcase of long history and legacy of China. This examination paper separates into three general center focuses, for example, image, arrangement, and parade. To start with, the image is about the shading speaks to the Chinese culture and how they accept about the legend story. Also, the two families get ready everything for their child and little girl in the big day. Thirdly, the way toward wedding day when the lady and lucky man get the opportunity to meet one another and the husband to be carries his significant other to his home with affection and delight. The most effective method to refer to Chinese Traditional Wedding, Papers Chinese Traditional Wedding Free Essays Chinese Traditional Wedding In the distinctive culture, there are a wide range of customs and conventions in celebration festivities. Wedding customs are one of the most agent and emblematic traditions in uncovering the distinctions. Wedding function shows not just the adoration for couple or two families included, yet in addition mirrors the legacy of Chinese human progress. We will compose a custom paper test on Chinese Traditional Wedding or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now Since the time old occasions, the most awesome minutes in one’s life accompany achievement in marriage and birth of child. Chinese wedding embellishes with one essential shading is red which makes the Western culture discover how they commend their wedding. In this paper, I acquaint with Chinese conventional wedding service, for example, the images, arrangement, and parade of wedding. As indicated by Wang (1998), he clarifies a man side has the chances to pick what sort of a lady to be his better half or mother of his youngsters. Initial, a man finds a lady to wed who has never dated with anybody. Second, a man meets woman’s guardians to draw in with her. Moreover some of relationships are visually impaired on the grounds that marriage isn't developed from an affection however it was a family association. Marriage is being orchestrated between two families: pride and man of the hour don't have any acquaintance with one another. Without asking from their folks, numerous ladies had to wed with the men they never knew. In conclusion, Wang makes reference to that men are searching for a â€Å"value women† which implies a lady seems â€Å"docile, calm, and sweet. † He asserts that a man weds just to virgin lady in truth like to a lady who have never dated with any other individual next to him. In the Chinese conviction, a virgin lady offers good to her husband’s status and can carry love and quiet to the family after a marriage. In a Chinese legend, Chinese individuals put stock in divine force of affection who attaches a red string to tie man and lady into a caring couple. The intensity of red continually unite the couple even from a huge span. The shading red turns into a prevailing shading in the wedding function: red mythical serpent, red wedding ensemble, red candle†¦etc. Red is an image of most extreme twofold joy and satisfaction. During Chinese wedding service, they pick t

Speech on Environmental Issues Today Research Paper Example

Discourse on Environmental Issues Today Paper Albert Einstein said Look profound into nature, and afterward you will comprehend everything better. Our planet is in a difficult situation! Basically wherever you look today you will hear or see something advising you that our planets wellbeing is coming up short. In the event that our planet where an individual it would be about an ideal opportunity to purchase the entombment plot and work out the last will and confirmation. Only a concise rundown of the things that is feeble her is contamination, corrosive downpour, environmental change, the demolition of rainforests and other wild natural surroundings, the decay and elimination of thousands of bits of creatures and plants. ND so on. Think everybody in here can concur that these issues exist and that people have caused them. Fortunately a considerable lot of us are worried about the eventual fate of our planet and except if we can discover a method of taking care of the issues then the earth will endure. Realize this all sounds so discouraging yet we cannot get overpowered. All of us can plan something for help delayed down and converse a portion of the harm. We can't leave the critical thinking altogether to the specialists we as a whole have an obligation to our condition. We should figure out how to live in way that will support our reality like figure out how to utilize our regular assets which incorporate air, freshwater, woods, natural life, farmland and oceans without harming them. As populaces extend and ways of life change, we need to keep the world in a condition with the goal that people in the future will have a similar regular assets that we have today. Here I am going to list only a couple of instances of the dangers to our condition just as certain plans to assist you with doing something about them. We will compose a custom article test on Speech on Environmental Issues Today explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Speech on Environmental Issues Today explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Speech on Environmental Issues Today explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Squander We people make a ton of junk! Somewhere in the range of 1992 and 2008 family unit squander expanded by 16% and we currently produce simply under a large portion of a ton for every individual every year. The greater part of this rubbish is pulled away by the trash collector and covered in a colossal landfill or it is singed. Both of these choices are hurtful in their own specific manner. Is all our rubbish truly refuse? Looking at the situation objectively, a ton of what we discard could be utilized once more. It bodes well to reuse and reuse our waste rather than simply attempting to take care of the issue of where to put it! Quite a bit of our waste is comprised of glass, metal, plastic and paper. Our normal assets, for example, trees, oil, coal and aluminum are spent in colossal adds up to otherwise known as these items and the assets will one day be totally spent. So as to eliminate the vitality utilized lets reuse. What would you be able to do? * Sort out your rubbish. Natural issue (e. G. Potato peelings, left over food, tea leaves and so on ) can be placed in to a manure load in the nursery and utilized as a decent, characteristic compost for the plants. Aluminum jars, glass containers and papers are regularly gathered from our doorsteps, however different things, for example, plastic jugs, juice containers and cardboard may not be, in which case they can be taken to close by reusing banks. You can discover where they are by simply looking on line. * Use reused paper to help spare trees. Chlorine dye is typically used to make papers and this contaminates waterways. Its better to utilize unbleached, reused paper at whatever point you can. * Take your old garments to noble cause shops. Some are sold, others are come back to material factories for reusing. * Try to abstain from purchasing plastic. Its difficult to reuse. One approach to eliminate plastic is to decline to utilize plastic packs offered by grocery stores and use material re-useable shopping sacks rather, or re-utilize plastic packs again and again, until they Wear Out and afterward reuse them. Contamination The air, water and soil of living spaces everywhere throughout the world have been, and are being dirtied from multiple points of view. This contamination influences the strength of living things. Air is harmed by vehicle outflows, and force stations make corrosive downpour which wrecks whole backwoods and lakes. At the point when petroleum derivatives like oil, gas and coal are singed to give vitality to lighting, cooking and so forth. They make contaminating gases. Oils spills contaminate ocean water and murder marine life; synthetic waste from manufacturing plants and sewage, and counterfeit manures from farmland, dirty stream water, slaughtering lilied and spreading ailment. What should be possible? * Dont litter. Utilize less vitality by turning off lights when rooms are not being used, not squandering heated water, not overheating rooms. * Use a bike or stroll as opposed to utilizing a vehicle when you can. Or on the other hand radishes, and utilize the HOVE path. * If you spot contamination, for example, oil on the sea shore, report it. On the off chance that you presume a stream is dirtied, report it to the nearby EPA office.. * Organic nourishments are created without the utilization of counterfeit manures and pesticides, keeping these poisons from debasing living spaces and entering the natural way of life. So it might cost somewhat more yet it is better for you and for the condition The Greenhouse Effect Certain gases in the climate, for the most part carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and fluorocarbons, act like the glass in a nursery, permitting daylight through to warm the Earths surface yet catching a portion of the warmth as it transmits once again into space. Without this the Earth would be solidified and inert. Be that as it may, because of the Human Effect ,ozone harming substances are developing in the environment, making a more prominent measure of warmth be reflected back to Earth. This outcomes in an expansion in normal world temperatures and is as of now causing more dry seasons, flooding and outrageous climate conditions, for example, storms which we have all observed on the news. A few different ways to Help * Dont squander power or warmth. Power and warming are delivered by consuming coal, oil and gas and this activity radiates carbon dioxide. The more We utilize the more We dirty. * Car exhaust produce carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide so attempt to eliminate vehicle trips if conceivable. Utilize a bicycle or walk its great exercise for you as well! * Recycle as a lot of your loss as possible. Methane, the best ozone depleting substance, is discharged into the air as the rash in landfill locales decays. Presently I understand we cant all live on a cultivate and develop our own food and all drive savvy vehicles. We Texans ordinarily cant walk or take a bicycle places since everything is so distant. My fantasy work has consistently been one that I could ride a bicycle to, that sounds clever yet each and every piece makes a difference. Some different things I did were to change out the entirety of my lights with vitality proficient ones, and reestablished my home. This and different things set aside me cash yet they additionally spare the earth. Let me leave you with one final thing: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle!

The Effects of Nature and Nurture on Shaping of Behavior Essay

The Effects of Nature and Nurture on Shaping of Behavior The nature/sustain examination has been read for a long time by analysts and it is a subject that is still in banter today. It raises the inquiry, how is our conduct molded, and the different sides of the appropriate response are nature and support. Conduct with regards to a individual can be depicted as; the manner in which people act and think in circumstances. What is implied commonly and sustain? Nature is the word used to depict the natural viewpoints that shape conduct, for model qualities. Support is the word used to depict the social viewpoints that shape conduct, for instance cooperation with guardians. This exposition will cover the two sides of the contention alluding to mental hypothesis. To begin with the psychodynamic hypothesis, this is characterized, as indicated by Dictionary.com as â€Å"The cooperation of different cognizant and oblivious mental or enthusiastic procedures, particularly as they impact character, conduct, and attitudes†. This is a hypothesis utilized as an afterthought ...

Response to an essay exam Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reaction to a test - Essay Example It is clear that adherent might be losing the way of life war to the non devotees as a result of the proceeded with decrease in moral ways and the negligible strict freedom in the United States today. There are various flashpoints that have a more prominent commitment to the discussion of whether God exists or not. Researchers have tested the idea about the universe’s age. They emphatically accept that it must be at any rate a large number of years old while the book of scriptures gauges it to be under ten thousand years of age. A significant commitment to this flashpoint was when cosmologists thought of two frameworks of estimation to build up that close to worlds are a huge number of light years away. This brought a perspective not the same as that of adherents that think about creation to have occurred in six days. This hypothesis made another blaze purpose of the theory of the universe's origin testing the conviction of how the universe was made. Researcher express that the universe was made with the huge explosion. It began from space at that point scattering from one another framed the universe. George Gamow commitment to the way of life war was by his hypothesis that the universe may have framed from a hot starting that would be cooled to shape protons. Nonetheless, he didn't have an away from of what caused the enormous detonation. Christians, then again, are certain that God made the universe and organized it explicitly to be how it is. (Edwin and Leigh, 2002) In advancement, Charles Darwin built up a materialistic perspective on the universe in which he expressed that there is no God, just issue. He made the hypothetical observation from Ivanivich Oparin’s investigation of how gases and water framed natural particles when accused of power. Darwin expresses that the early life started normally and advanced to increasingly complex structures as time cruised by. Man developed from creatures like chimps and monkeys and turned out to be increasingly perplexing in body and psyche throughout the years. He evaluated that individuals are the same as creatures and offer comparative

Improving Brand Loyalty through Brand Image Starbucks Company Dissertation

Improving Brand Loyalty through Brand Image Starbucks Company - Dissertation Example Increasing an upper hand by selling an item as well as selling a network; a spot where individuals could have a feeling of having a place. By contacting individuals' feelings, they had the option to hit directly at the heart, where individuals are moved, and choices are effortlessly made dependent on feelings and what contacts them. Their clients were caused to feel extraordinary and a piece of a tip top gathering encompassed by others like them as the individuals who bought the espressos, items, (for example, occasion things), and music could have a similar social way of life one that is upscale yet moderate (contrasted with genuine extravagance marks that solitary the affluent can share.) It is something beyond a negligible mug of espresso that they were getting. It is a way of life, a network, a lifestyle. Starbucks 4 Chapter by chapter guide 1. Presentation1 1.1 Title..1 1.2 Executive Summary..2 1.3 Table of Contents..3 1.4 List of Tables..6 1.5 List of Figures.8 1.6 References/Bibliography..9 2. Introduction20 2.1 Background20 2.2 Research Problem/Justification of the Study22 2.3 Aims.23 2.4 Objectives/Research Questions..23 3.Literature Review24 3.1 Relevance..24 3.2 Up to Date..57 3. Methodology64 4.1 Selection and Justification of Research Method/Approach...64 4.2 Appropriateness of the Research Method/Approach..65 4.3 Research Design (Addressing Matters of Validity and Reliability)....68 4.4 Selection and legitimization of information assortment methods.71 Starbucks 5 5. Research Results72 5.1 Analysis of Results72 5.2 Presentation...72 5.3 Discussion..75 6. End/Recommendations and Limitations of the Study..76 6.1 Link with the Aims and Objectives77 6.2 Link with the Research Problem...78 6.3 Practicality of recommendations...78 6.4 Awareness of... 2. Introduction 2.1 Background of the Study In today’s world, there are various of items available. Actually, there are such a large number of items and brands to make reference to as it appears that pretty much each and every thing conceivable has just been developed and ready to move. Because of mechanical advances, the Internet has given devices to that organizations can use to make their image and convey the picture that it needs customers to have in regards to their items more than ever. So rivalry is furious and organizations must concoct new thoughts that will make their items progressively attractive to purchasers. The way of life of the â€Å"luxury† brands industry is one of picture. These days individuals don't simply purchase an item essentially for the item itself. Buying so as to simply to have the item isn't the main explanation behind putting away cash any longer. No longer do the days and time of minor endurance, (for example, the Depression Era or before the Industrial Revolution) exist. Cash and credit is available to us and life is more comfortable than previously. In this way, items must satisfy higher needs and guidelines. Individuals live more richly if even in appearance and picture. It is this picture and the way of life that individuals get tied up with. For instance, a person who is making the lowest pay permitted by law and attempting to make a decent living regularly is content with a vehicle that is reliable. At that point as life advances, he/she turns out to be increasingly agreeable and needs a vehicle that accomplishes more than â€Å"run†. Highlights, fo r example, cooling, radiator, and a radio become significant.

Why You Crave Cigarettes Months After Quitting

Why You Crave Cigarettes Months After Quitting Addiction Nicotine Use After You Quit Print Why You Crave Cigarettes Months After Quitting By Terry Martin facebook twitter Terry Martin quit smoking after 26 years and is now an advocate for those seeking freedom from nicotine addiction. Learn about our editorial policy Terry Martin Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Armeen Poor, MD on January 29, 2020 Armeen Poor, MD, is a board-certified pulmonologist and intensivist. He specializes in pulmonary health, critical care, and sleep medicine. Learn about our Medical Review Board Armeen Poor, MD on January 29, 2020 More in Addiction Nicotine Use After You Quit How to Quit Smoking Nicotine Withdrawal Smoking-Related Diseases The Inside of Cigarettes Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Coping and Recovery It is unnerving to have smoking thoughts and urges resurface months after quitting. However, this can be expected as you recover from nicotine addiction. While the  nicotine  will be long gone from your body, you may have cravings for a cigarette that feel just like  nicotine withdrawal. Learn why you have them and how you can make it through this period. Verywell / Cindy Chung When Cravings Start The three-month mark is a notoriously bad time for people quitting tobacco, so much so that there is a term for it coined by ex-smokers known as  the icky threes. There are  three tricky time periods during the first year of smoking cessation that many folks stumble overâ€"three days, three weeks, and three months.?? At the three-month mark,  people will often experience an emotional letdown. The excitement of quitting will have passed, but you will still be dealing with the psychological aftermath of nicotine addiction. Youll still be thinking about smoking, often to the point where the cravings become all-consuming. It can leave you feeling edgy and sad. You may even wonder if youll always be doomed to feel this way.?? Will I Always Miss Smoking? Where Cravings Come From Its not surprising if  youre experiencing cravings to smoke that remind you of nicotine withdrawal. Your mind has a powerful influence on your body, and a strong focus on thoughts of smoking can bring on some very real physical reactions. Sensations like tension in the throat, neck, and stomach, as well as headaches and tremors, can mimic  the physical symptoms of nicotine withdrawal.?? Although the symptoms can be the same, dont confuse cigarette cravings with nicotine withdrawal. Withdrawal is ultimately biological; cravings are psychological. It is important to consciously acknowledge to yourself that the origin of your discomfort is in your mind  and that nicotine is not playing a part in this scenario. Taking stock of what is behind your urge to smoke is a first step in regaining control over errant thoughts that can lead to trouble. Remind yourself that youre  doing the work now to change the mental responses you have to smoke triggers, and with practice, those thoughts (and the urges that come with them) will fade away. How to Relieve Cravings As you did during the first days of smoking cessation, use the distraction to help you get your mind off smoking. Be proactive and deal with each craving as it comes up. The good news is that this is a phase in the recovery process that almost everyone goes through.  It will pass  as long as you dont smoke. Managing these bumpy days and months into your smoking cessation  will be much easier when your batteries are fully charged. Find activities that relax and rejuvenate you. Good nutrition and regular sleep can help ease your tension. Daily exercise, even a short walk, can improve your mood and energy levels. If youre spiraling downward, take it as a cue to treat yourself with kid gloves and spoil yourself a little. Dont think of it as being selfishâ€"think of it as good therapy, because thats just what it is. Promise yourself that youll dedicate the entire first year of smoking cessation to healing from nicotine addictionâ€"all of it.  It takes that long to work your way through the many activities in daily life that you associate with smoking on one level or another.?? Think of time and patience as your two best quit buddies. If you can relax and let time pass, it will help you heal. Time really is a wonderful tool for changing your lifeâ€"as long as you can be patient enough to let it do its work. 10 Ways to Overcome Cigarette Cravings A Word From Verywell Dont fear the ups and downs that come with quitting smoking. Cravings to smoke are not signs of impending failure, they are signs that you are healing from both the physical addiction you have to nicotine and the psychological associations you have with smoking as well.?? Keep your eye on the prize and do the work it takes to quit successfully.  The rewards are outstanding and youll love the person you become without the chains of this killer habit weighing you down. Believe in yourself and you can free yourself. It is important to remind yourself that although youre feeling raw and unhappy right now, all of this discomfort  will pass if you just keep applying yourself to the task at hand one simple day at a time. 10 Things to Stop Doing When You Quit Smoking

Free Persuasive Essay about Why Juveniles Shouldnt Be Tried as Adults

Should Juveniles Be Tried as Adults Persuasive Essay Example Introduction Since the beginning of the 17th century, close to 300 minors (aged 18 years and below) have been executed through the death penalty in the United States. By the year 2004, there were 71 persons on death row judged for juvenile crimes. This population represented about 2% of 3,487 people on the death penalty in the United States, and their respective ages ranged between 16 and 17 years at the time when the crimes were committed. It is unfortunate that these minors were sentenced to death for a period ranging between 4 months and 24 years in 12 different states within the United States. By then, Texas was leading with 40% of the total national death sentences for juveniles (Cunningham Vigen, 2011). Since then, the juvenile death penalty or sentence has been outlawed in the United States and over the world. This study focuses on whether the juvenile death penalty has any impact on minors, especially those aged between 16 and 21 years.

Health Promotion And Disease Prevention - 1000 Words

â€Å"Health promotion is an attempt to improve the health status of an individual or community, and is concerned with the prevention of disease, though this is not its only purpose, as health is not merely the absence of disease† ( Maben, Clark, 1995, p. 1163). Health promotion is commonly used term in health care world, and in current society the promotion of health has greater significance, especially with the rise in consumerism. Health promotion is a vital concept for nursing, symbolizing notions that nursing is related today. Nurses are being urged to take a health promotion role, and are deemed by others as an ideal role for them. It is therefore crucial that nurses cognize the meaning of health promotion and also what is expected from them by undertaking this role (Raphael, 1998). The significance of health promotion and disease prevention as a principal element of current national health care policy is emphasized in Healthy People 2020. Health promotion consists of all actions that encourage maximum spiritual, mental and physical functions despite of whether an individual is ill or well. Most of these plans are aimed at bringing positive lifestyle changes (Van Leuven, Prion, 2007). A major core competency for all NPs is health promotion. Through regular screening, immunizations and counselling, NPs can guide their patients towards the goal of health promotion and disease prevention. As a future NP, my goal is to provide patient-centered, holistic careShow MoreRelatedHealth Promotion And Disease Prevention871 Words   |  4 PagesChronic disease is one of the leading causes of death. People get a chronic disease because of tobacco use, poor diet, lack of physical activities and host among others things. The question is why we are not taking on the initia tive on improving the quality of life by at eliminating the things that causes chronic diseases. Lately, there have been numerous of debates on whether prevention or treatment saves money. Some have argued that the prevention cannot save money, but rather increases the costRead MoreHealth Promotion And Disease Prevention1239 Words   |  5 Pagesbe anything wrong with living that way, the US Department of Health and Human Services (Healthy People 2020, 2010) set out to create a program to promote health across all stages of life. That is where Healthy People 2020 comes in. Healthy People 2020 is an approach with a set purpose, a list of multi sector priorities, and a program which affects nursing practice/patient care (Healthy People 2020, 2010). The US Department of Health and Human Services developed the â€Å"Healthy People† program overRead MoreHealth Promotion And Disease Prevention996 Words   |  4 PagesHealth promotion and disease prevention encompass many similar contributing factors. 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For people with disabilities, however, personal participation is often limited by non-supportive environments. Lack of knowledge on how to modify programs to meet specific needs, poor attitudes, and unfriendly environments often creates insurmountable barriers to participation for many people with disabilitiesRead MoreHealth Promotion And Disease Prevention Program Essay1556 Words   |  7 Pagesthe alarm, or school, your health is your own responsibility, and that includes sleep. Sleep health has received national attention, with various studies evaluating sleep patterns of the nation, determining the consequences of i nadequate sleep, and designating goals to meet in the future. The healthy people program, which in 2010 determined sleep-health a significant topic, intends to improve this problem. Healthy People 2020 is a health-promotion and disease-prevention program focusing on obtainableRead MoreMedical Health Promotion And Disease Prevention Plan1467 Words   |  6 PagesMental health Theory Professor: Prof. Patricia Powers Introduction The nationwide health promotion and disease prevention plan, Healthy People 2020, recognizes that mental health promotion and mental health reduction as one of the most significant health objectives. Statistic indicated that mental health disorders are the leading cause of disability in United States and Canada, while suicide is the 11th leading cause of death that killed approximately 30,000 American each year (â€Å"Mental Health and MentalRead MoreReligion And Health Promotion, Disease Prevention, And Illness953 Words   |  4 PagesMany religious customs and laws extend from the early apprehensions involved with economic needs as well as health and safety regarding the consumption of certain foods or liquids. These issues resulted from the lack of preservation and purification techniques for foods and liquids and the concern of the scholars, usually the religious, in connection to health promotion, disease prevention, and illness (Waibel, n.d.). However, the views of the past d iminish with the advent of electricity and ourRead MoreHealth Promotion Program Proposal On Lyme Disease Prevention1634 Words   |  7 Pages Health Promotion Program Proposal on Lyme disease Prevention My health promotion program will focus on Lyme disease. My state-Maryland is number one in the list of top ten states for Lyme disease in United States. According to Physicians Now (2016), Although there were fewer cases of Lyme disease reported in 2012 than in previous years, the illness is still more common in Maryland than in many other states. There were 1,113 confirmed cases and 538 suspected cases in 2012, according to the Centers

Essay about Examples of Crucibles in Aurthur Millers The...

A Crucible is a container that can withstand great amount of heat, such as one required for refining gold. It can also mean a severe trial. In the play â€Å"The Crucible† by Arthur Miller, severe trails occur throughout the play, not just in the courtroom but also in people’s homes and souls. I believe Arthur Miller named his play â€Å"The Crucible† because it shows the trials and hardships people face within themselves, the courtroom and Puritan society. An example of a Crucible is a trial or battle someone faces; it could be within themselves or with others. John Proctor was a wealthy Puritan that owned a large amount of property. He was well known in the town of Salem. Ever since he met Abigail, his beautiful former servant he was fighting a†¦show more content†¦I have forgot Abigail.† In this quote Proctor is having a trial with his wife saying that he wants to regain her forgiveness and love and that he does not love Abigail anymore. Another example of a Crucible is in the courtrooms of Salem. The Salem witch trials, hence the word trials, were the hangings of innocent people accused of witchcraft. Since it was a Puritan society and witches are mentioned in the Bible as well as mysterious creatures that roamed the woods around Salem, caused them to believe that witches and demonic figures existed. There is no possible way of proving someone of witchcraft so the judges relied on the victims. Danforth says â€Å"†¦how does one defend the accused? One calls up a witness to prove his innocence, but witchcraft is invisible†¦ who may possibly be witness to it? The witch and the victim†¦ we must rely upon her victims.† In this quote Danforth is telling the people in the courtroom you are guilty until proven innocent and since there is no possible way of proving your innocence you must lie to save yourself, but this is a Puritan society and lying is a sin. Many people in Salem were accused of witchcraft, and many were trailed and hanged because they refused to confess a lie The final example of a Crucible is in the Puritan society. Many Puritans were from Europe and they escaped hardships back home for a new start in the new world. Puritans

The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life - An Overview

The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life is a book that was published in the U.S. in 1959, written by sociologist  Erving Goffman. In it, Goffman uses the imagery of theater in order to portray the nuances and significance of face-to-face social interaction. Goffman puts forth a theory of social interaction that he refers to as the dramaturgical model of social life. According to Goffman, social interaction may be likened to a theater, and people in everyday life to actors on a stage, each playing a variety of roles. The audience consists of other individuals who observe the role-playing and react to the performances. In social interaction, like in theatrical performances, there is  a front stage region where the actors are on stage  before  an audience, and their consciousness of that audience and the audiences expectations for the role they should play influence the actors behavior. There is also a back region, or backstage, where individuals can relax, be themselves, and the role or identity that they play when they are in front of others. Central to the book and Goffmans theory is the idea that people, as they interact together in social settings, are constantly engaged in the process of impression management, wherein each tries to present themselves and behave in a way that will prevent the  embarrassment of themselves or others. This is primarily done by each person that is part of the interaction working to ensure that all parties have the same definition of the situation, meaning that all understand what is meant to happen in that situation, what to expect from the others involved, and thus how they themselves should behave. Though written over half a century ago,  The Presentation of Self in Everday Life  remains one of the most famous and widely taught sociology books, which was listed as the 10th most important sociology book of the twentieth century by the International Sociological Association in 1998. Performance Goffman uses the term ‘performance’ to refer to all the activity of an individual in front of a particular set of observers, or audience. Through this performance, the individual, or actor, gives meaning to themselves, to others, and to their situation. These performances deliver impressions to others, which communicates  information that confirms the identity of the actor in that situation. The actor may or may not be aware of their performance or have an objective for their performance, however, the audience is constantly attributing meaning to it and to the actor. Setting The setting for the performance includes the scenery, props, and location in which the interaction takes place. Different settings will have different audiences and will thus require the actor to alter his performances for each setting. Appearance Appearance functions to portray to the audience the performer’s social statuses. Appearance also tells us of the individual’s temporary social state or role, for example, whether he is engaging in work (by wearing a uniform), informal recreation, or a formal social activity. Here, dress and props serve to communicate things that have socially ascribed meaning, like gender, status, occupation, age, and personal commitments. Manner Manner refers to how the individual plays the role and functions to warn the audience of how the performer will act or seek to act in a  role (for example, dominant, aggressive, receptive, etc.). Inconsistency and contradiction between appearance and manner may occur and will confuse and upset an audience. This can happen, for example, when one does not present himself or behave in accordance with his perceived social status or position. Front The actor’s front, as labeled by Goffman, is the part of the individual’s performance which functions to define the situation for the audience. It is the image or impression he or she gives off to the audience. A social front can also be thought of like a script. Certain social scripts tend to become institutionalized in terms of the stereotyped expectations it contains. Certain situations or scenarios have social scripts that suggest how the actor should behave or interact in that situation. If the individual takes on a task or role that is new to him, he or she may find that there are already several well-established fronts among which he must choose. According to Goffman, when a task is given a new front or script, we rarely find that the script itself is completely new. Individuals commonly use pre-established scripts to follow for new situations, even if it is not completely appropriate or desired for that situation. Front Stage, Back Stage, and Off Stage In stage drama, as in everyday interactions, according to Goffman, there are three regions, each with different effects on an individual’s performance: front stage, backstage, and off-stage. The front stage is where the actor formally performs and adheres to conventions that have particular  meaning for the audience. The actor knows he or she is being watched and acts accordingly. When in the backstage  region, the actor may behave differently than when in front of the audience on the front stage. This is where the individual truly gets to be herself and get rid of the roles that she plays when she is in front of other people. Finally, the off-stage region is where individual actors meet the audience members independently of the team performance on the front stage. Specific performances may be given when the audience is segmented as such.

Pursuing a Degree in Criminal Justice Essay - 1754 Words

Today our world is filled with crime. The people committing these crimes must have a consequence for their illegal actions. The system in place to keeping everything fair and safe is called the criminal justice system. This was put in place to ensure there is fairness and justice served to people who break the laws set up by the government. Criminal justice is one of the most important majors one can study due to the necessity to keep the streets safe and clean. From street cops, to state troopers all the way to criminal psychologists the criminal justice system is a very important part of modern society as it keeps us safe from murders, rapists and various other criminals. The street cops are the ones that are out on our streets†¦show more content†¦One of these exams is to be taken as a part of Sophomore Seminar, and the other as a part of Senior Seminar (5). There are a total of fifteen required courses in order to be a criminal justice major which include Juvenile Justic e (CJ203), Criminology ( SO410), and Race and Ethnic Relations (SO205). There are also a total of nine electives three of which must be taken. In order to pursue a minor, there are seven courses which must be taken and one research course from a list of three. As with any major you must maintain a minimum 2.0 GPA in order to receive a degree. The Criminal Justice System is a set of legal and social institutions used to enforce a defined set of rules limitations (3). This system in the United States is divided into three subsections: Federal, State, and Military. Each states criminal justice department is then divided again into separate juvenile and adult systems (3). The system begins when the crime is committed and observed which leads to an investigation and arrest here the accused enters the system. The first step is after the arrest is made the criminal is held in jail until they can go to Criminal court, this usually happens within twenty four hours of the arrest unless it’s a weekend. In that case the trial will be held on Monday. While the prisoner is waiting for trial they get brought to central booking where their fingerprints and photograph are taken. At this timeShow MoreRelatedWhy I Want to Be a Police Officer Essay808 Words   |  4 PagesWHY I WANT TO BE A POLICE OFFICER Why I Want To Be a Police Officer Career Choices in Criminal Justice Dr. Darwin L. Driggers, Ybor Campus October 11, 2011 Why I Want To Be a Police Officer For as long as I can remember I have wanted to be a police officer. I’m sure, as a little boy, what first caught my attention were the flashing lights and sirens on the police cars. It could have also been then the facts that police officer were permitted to carry a gun and had the ability to runRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Social Psychology1398 Words   |  6 Pagescompetency evaluations for criminal defendants, death notification procedures, and offers treatment programs for juvenile and adult offenders. This type of psychologist needs strong assessment, interviewing and verbal communication skills to be able to conduct his job efficiently. Some of his many varied tasks may include assessing the mental state of a criminal at the time the crime was committed, rather than at the present moment, as well as determining the mental health of a criminal before he is sentencedRead MorePSY 305 Week 1 Exploring Psychology Careers Essay1141 Words   |  5 Pageslearn new thi ngs. Psychology is a degree program that produces those well-rounded, well-educated people. Psychologically literate people have an expansive vocabulary, are able to use scientific thinking, be creative when solving problems by looking at all angles, have integrity, act ethically, and are insightful about others’ behavior and their own. (R. Landrum et al, 2014) Therefore, although obtaining a Bachelor’s degree in Psychology is not a professional degree and one cannot be a PsychologistRead MoreLetter Of Public Administration Online Learning Program1118 Words   |  5 Pagesbackground that would give a reason as to why I desire to work in the public sector. I believe I was born with the will to serve others, a strong attribute that my mother held. My mother is the only individual in her family who has a baccalaureate degree. Born to a single teenage mother, she defied all odds by not repeating the cycle and worked full time to put herself through college. Due to the new path of success my mother was on, numerous of her family members relied on her for mental and financialRead MoreThe University Of Southern Mississippi848 Words   |  4 Pagesapplication for the doctoral program in criminal justice starting the fall semester of 2016. The University of Southern Mississippi is my ideal location for the achievement of a doctoral degree. I would like to demonstrate my knowledge, experience, and research ability in the field of criminal justice and correctional studies. Having majored in the discipline as a former graduate student, I want to further my education to assist and promote future changes in criminal justice and correctional policy. I amRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology1630 Words   |  7 Pageschoosing a career. The education that is required for pursuing a career in the field of psychology depends on the type of psychologist you want to be. Most psychology programs require at least a master s degree to pursue a psychol ogist career, but some may require a doctoral degree. It is important to know the educational requirements as well as state requirements when entering the field of psychology. Southwestern has helped me in pursuing my educational requirements for my field of interest inRead MoreAmericas : The Victim Advocates1131 Words   |  5 Pagesserve those in need which makes them the backbone of most departments. It can also be said that victim advocates are an underrated part of law enforcement because while most people idolize detectives and their seemingly glamorous lifestyle against criminals, the men and women that call themselves Victim Advocates protect and serve those in need on an unmatchable level. 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Pursing this, I earned a bachelor’s degree in criminal justice but, it wasn’t until I interned with Safe Landing Youth Shelter where I realized my true calling. The satisfaction and fulfillment I felt working with the youth shelter pivoted my focus towards my new passion. My desire to help people is a simplified answer to why I want to pursue a career as a socialRead MoreGraduate Admissions Committee : Behavioral Analysis752 Words   |  4 Pagesprogram in Criminal Justice / Applied Behavioral Analysis, to begin in March 2016. Since earning my undergraduate degree in Psychology from Fordham University, I have been employed as a Therapeutic Support Specialist, with Pathways of Pennsylvania, and I am also a Corrections Officer, with the Department of Justice, Bureau of Prisons. I have had an interest in criminal justice since I was in the seventh grade. Growing up in the neighborhood that I grew up in I witnessed a lot of criminal acts of

Essay on Capital Punishment Free Essays

Capital punishment, interchangeably known as the death penalty, is a government-sanctioned practice in which a person is executed as retribution for their offences. Most nations have allowed executions as punishment for various crimes throughout their history, however the amount of nations that abandoned their recognition of the death penalty have steadily grown since the 1800s. The United States continues to permit capital punishment, although many other developed countries have abolished it entirely. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay on Capital Punishment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Present nations that recognize this exchange us it only for the worst of crimes, such as mass murder, terrorism, war crimes, and other various acts against humanity. When it comes time for human life to pay for the crime, many people will find themselves facing an ethical dilemma. The economic, legal, and moral consequences of the death penalty remain under scrutiny by many Americans. Discussing capital punishment relies on a handful of core consequences: the publicity of capital punishment and its effectiveness in deterring future crime, the ethical problems surrounding execution, it can send confusing messages, and has an opportunity to be corrupted by racial prejudice. The first established capital punishment dates as far back as the Eighteenth Century B.C. within the Code of Hammurabi. King Hammurabi listed penalties punishable by death for twenty-five different crimes, which were given easily for thieving, illegal purchases, kidnapping, assisting slaves, disorderly conduct, rape, seduction, and more. The death penalty was also included in the Fourteenth Century B.C.’s Hittite Code, the Seventh Century B.C.’s Draconian Code, and the Fifth Century B.C.’s Roman Law of the Twelve Tablets. These sentences were often delivered by crucifixion, drowning, beating, burning, or impalement. The government ordered sentences were later performed in societies such as ancient Asia, Babylon, and Greece. In these civilizations, the death penalty was applied to theft, damage of property, and anything thought to be magic or witchcraft. In the Tenth Century A.D., hanging became normalized as the preferred method of execution, beginning in Britain. In the coming century, William the Conqueror abolished hanging, as well as all capital punishment, unless his country was at war. However, during the Sixteenth Century, as many as 72,000 people are estimated to have been executed under King Henry VIII’s reign. Boiling, burning at the stake, beheading, and drawing and quartering were all popular methods of execution. Offenses worthy of death included treason, marrying a Jew, or not confessing to a crime. Crime rate continued to rise in Britain throughout the coming two centuries, and by the 1700s, there were over 200 offenses considered punishable by death. Because death was so severe, juries would often not convict defendants if their crime appeared petty, which led Britain towards the first reformation of their capital punishments. From 1823 to 1837, the death penalty was canceled for over 100 crimes previously punishable by death. American colonies were not immune to the spread of capital punishment. Their first execution began in Virginia in 1608 when George Kendall was accused of espionage and subsequently sentenced to death by firing squad. By 1612, more colonies approved execution as proper punishment for a myriad of crimes. Executions were conducted by hanging or firing squad and, in an effort to increase deterrence, were attended by the public. Movements opposing capital punishment sprouted in the form of grass-roots organizations, and used many techniques that remain relevant to modern day, such as public meetings and petitions. During the eighteenth century’s â€Å"Age of Enlightenment†, many philosophers criticized capital punishment. This new way of thinking affected the American colonies, contributing to the first legal debates. Leaders such as Thomas Jefferson recommended capital punishment to be used only in response to crimes as evil as murder. Starting in 1794, the Pennsylvania legislature centered capital punishment around murder in the first degree. Thus began the categorization of murder, ranging from premeditated murder to involuntary murder and manslaughter. By 1849, fifteen states had passed laws providing for private executions. These executions, however, remained opposed by some abolitionists and even by some pro-death penalty advocates. Abolitionists did not want private executions on the grounds that state actions and the legal process must be a matter of public record, and pro-death penalty advocates feared private executions would taint the deterrence effect of public executions. By 1846, Michigan would prove to be the first state to entirely rid the death penalty from its law, influencing Rhode Island and Wisconsin to abolish capital punishment over a matter of seven years. Various methods of capital punishment were being thought outdated and inhumane, such as public hangings, leaving new means of execution open for design. Electrocution was adopted first by New York in 1888, followed shortly by several other states. In 1924, Nevada began using cyanide gas in executions, with gas chambers soon becoming the most common execution method in the United States. How to cite Essay on Capital Punishment, Essays

Wankel Engine free essay sample

The Wankel engine, invented by German engineer Felix Wankel, is a type of internal combustion engine which uses a rotary design to convert pressure into a rotating motion instead of using reciprocating pistons. Its four-stroke cycle takes place in a space between the inside of an oval-like epitrochoid-shaped housing and a rotor that is similar in shape to a Reuleaux triangle but with sides that are somewhat flatter.This design delivers smooth high-rpm power from a compact size. Since its introduction the engine has been commonly referred to as the rotary engine, though this name is also applied to several completely different designs. He began its development in the early 1950s at NSU Motorenwerke AG (NSU) before completing a working, running prototype in 1957. NSU then licensed the concept to companies around the world, which have continued to improve the design. In the Wankel engine, the four strokes of a typical Otto cycle occur in the space between a three-sided symmetric rotor and the inside of a housing, although the Wankel cycle differs from Otto cycle in the duration of the expansion part of cycle, that is much longer (Columbia). In the basic single-rotor Wankel engine, the oval-like epitrochoid-shaped housing surrounds a rotor which is triangular with bow-shaped flanks (often confused with a Reuleaux triangle,[14] a three-pointed urve of constant width, but with the bulge in the middle of each side a bit more flattened While a four-stroke piston engine makes one combustion stroke per cylinder for every two rotations of the crankshaft (that is, one-half power stroke per crankshaft rotation per cylinder), each combustion chamber in the Wankel generates one combustion stroke per each driveshaft rotation, i. e. one power stroke per rotor orbital revolution and three power strokes per rotor rotation.Thus, power output of a Wankel engine is generally higher than that of a four-stroke piston engine of similar engine displacement in a similar state of tune; and higher than that of a four-stroke piston engine of similar physical dimensions and weight. Engineering Felix Wankel managed to overcome most of the problems that made previous rotary engines fail by developing a configuration with vane seals that could be made of more durable materials than piston ring metal that led to the failure of previous rotary designs.Rotary engines have a thermodynamic problem not found in reciprocating four-stroke engines in that their cylinder block operates at steady state, with intake, compression, combustion, and exhaust occurring at fixed housing locations for all cylinders. In contrast, reciprocating engines perform these four strokes in one chamber, so that extremes of freezing intake and flaming exhaust are averaged and shielded by a boundary layer from overheating working parts.The boundary layer shields and the oil film act as thermal insulation, leading to a low temperature of the lubricating film (max. ~200 Â °C/400 Â °F) on a water-cooled Wankel engine. This gives a more constant surface temperature. The temperature around the spark plug is about the same as the temperature in the combustion chamber of a reciprocating engine. With circumferential or axial flow cooling, the temperature difference remains tolerable. Four-stroke reciprocating engines are less suitable for hydrogen. The hydrogen can misfire on hot parts like the exhaust valve and spark plugs. Another problem concerns the hydrogenate attack on the lubricating film in reciprocating engines. In a Wankel engine, this problem is circumvented by using a ceramic apex seal against a ceramic surface: there is no oil film to suffer hydrogenate attack. Since ceramic piston rings are not available as of 2009, the problem remains with the reciprocating engine. The piston shell must be lubricated and cooled with oil.This substantially increases the lubricating oil consumption in a four-stroke hydrogen engine. Materials Unlike a piston engine, where the cylinder is cooled by the incoming charge after being heated by combustion, Wankel rotor housings are constantly heated on one side and cooled on the other, leading to high local temperatures and unequal thermal expansion. While this places high demands on the materials used, the simplicity of the Wankel makes it easier to use alternative materials like exotic alloys and ceramics.With water cooling in a radial or axial flow direction, with the hot water from the hot bow heating the cold bow, the thermal expansion remains tolerable. Sealing Early engine designs had a high incidence of sealing loss, both between the rotor and the housing and also between the various pieces making up the housing. Also, in earlier model Wankel engines carbon particles could become trapped between the seal and the casing, jamming the engine and requiring a partial rebuild.It was common for very early Mazda engines to require rebuilding after 50,000 miles (80,000 km). This can be prevented in older Mazda engines by always allowing the engine to reach operating temperature. Modern Wankel engines have not had these problems for many years. Further sealing problems arise from the uneven thermal distribution within the housings causing distortion and loss of sealing and compression. This thermal distortion also causes uneven wear between the apex seal and the rotor housing, quite evident on higher mileage engines.Attempts have been made to normalize the temperature of the housings, minimizing the distortion, with different coolant circulation patterns and housing wall thicknesses. Fuel consumption and emissions Just as the shape of the Wankel combustion chamber is resistant to preignition and will run on lower-octane rating gasoline than a comparable piston engine, it also leads to relatively incomplete combustion of the air-fuel charge, with a larger amount of unburned hydrocarbons released into the exhaust.The exhaust is, however, relatively low in NOx emissions; this allowed Mazda to meet the United States Clean Air Act of 1970 in 1973 with a simple and inexpensive thermal reactor (an enlarged open chamber in the exh aust manifold) by paradoxically enriching the air-fuel ratio to the point where the unburned hydrocarbons (HC) in the exhaust would support complete combustion in the thermal reactor; while piston-engine cars required expensive catalytic converters to deal with both unburned hydrocarbons and NOx emissions.Advantages Wankel engines are considerably simpler, lighter, and contain far fewer moving parts than piston engines of equivalent power output. For instance, because valving is accomplished by simple ports cut into the walls of the rotor housing, they have no valves or complex valve trains; in addition, since the rotor rides directly on a large bearing on the output shaft, there are no connecting rods and there is no crankshaft. The elimination of reciprocating mass and the elimination of the most highly stressed and failure prone parts of piston engines gives the Wankel engine high reliability, a smoother flow of power, and a high power-to-weight ratio. The surface/volume-ratio problem is so complex that one cannot make a direct comparison between a reciprocating piston engine and a Wankel engine in terms of the surface/volume-ratio. The flow velocity and the heat losses behave quite differently.Surface temperatures behave absolutely differently; the film of oil in the Wankel engine acts as insulation. Engines with a higher compression ratio have a worse surface/volume-ratio. Due to a 50% longer stroke duration compared to a four-cycle engine, there is more time to complete the combustion. This leads to greater suitability for direct injection. A Wankel rotary engine has stronger flows of air-fuel mixture and a longer operating cycle than a reciprocating engine, so it realizes concomitantly thorough mixing of hydrogen and air.The result is a homogeneous mixture, which is crucial for hydrogen combustion. Disadvantages Although in two dimensions the seal system of a Wankel looks to be even simpler than that of a corresponding multi-cylinder piston engine, in three dimensions the opposite is true. As well as the rotor apex seals evident in the conceptual diagram, the rotor must also seal against the chamber ends. Piston rings are not perfect seals: each has a gap to allow for expansion.The sealing at the Wankel apexes is less critical, as leakage is between adjacent chambers on adjacent strokes of the cycle, rather than to the crankcase. However, the less effective sealing of the Wankel is one factor reducing its efficiency, confining its success mainly to applications such as racing engines and sports vehicles where neither efficiency nor long engine life are major considerations. The time available for fuel to be port-injected into a Wankel engine is significantly shorter, compared to four-stroke piston engines, due to the way the three chambers rotate. The fuel-air mixture cannot be pre-stored as there is no intake valve. Also the Wankel engine, compared to a piston engine, has 50% longer stroke duration. The four Otto cycles last 1080Â ° for a Wankel engine versus 720Â ° for a four-stroke reciprocating piston engine.

Importance of Business Correspondence- Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Write a reply in English to a Potential Customers Inquiry 2.Write a short Essay, in English, about your Own Experience and understanding of Business Correspondence, especially relating to International trade. Answers: 1.Li Ning (China) Sports Goods Co. Ltd. No. 8 Xing Guang 5th Street Opto-Mechatronics Industrial Park Zhongguancun Science Technology Area Tongzhou District, Beijing, China- 101111 16 August 2017 Mr. John Doe Sports Equipment Manager HiTech Sports Pvt. Ltd. PO Box 38 Wilston Qld, Australia 4051 Dear Mr. Doe: It is my pleasure to write to you concerning a recent inquiry from your company about the range of products our company could offer. Let me inform you that our company, Li Ning (China) Sports Goods Co., Ltd. has facility to deliver products abroad by shipping. Li-Ning produces mainly sports shoes and clothing, badminton, soccer and tennis accessories, socks, caps, bags for men, women and kids. In the shoes category, there are Running Shoes, Basketball Shoes, Wade Shoes, Large Size Shoes, Badminton Shoes, Fitness Yoga Training Shoes, and Outdoor Shoes of different size and color for unisex. These shoes have different features like, Height Increase, Waterproof and Breathable. In the clothing category, there are clothes for running, basketball, badminton, Yoga and outdoor of different size and color for men women and children. In the badminton accessories, there are rackets, strings and shuttlecock. In the soccer accessories, there are football, jersey, jackets and socks. Here is the list of items in our company. We are expecting to start a business deal between us as soon as possible. Please inform me for any further assistance. Thank you in advance for any help you might be able to offer. Sincerely, (Insert your name) Assistant Manager of Li Ning (China) Sports Goods Co. Ltd. 999-999-0112 Hao.shin@lining.com 2.Information exchange for business activity is the main purpose of business correspondence. It follows a specific written format, which happens between organizations or customers and organization or within organizations (Rashid, 2016). I have tried to incorporate the usefulness of business letter and information technology in the area of business correspondence. The main purpose of this essay is to talk about my experience and understanding of business correspondence in relation to international trade. In case of trade and business especially international, the importance of business correspondence is immense. It helps to maintain a good business relationship between two parties. It also establishes a healthy communication among business companies by delivering business letter or correspondence in proper time and maintaining an appropriate tone (Yu Fu, 2014). This communication is fully used for business transaction, which is not restricted to any area or nation. In modern times production happens in one place but consumption spreads everywhere in the world. Especially in case of international trading, the distance between business proprietors and customers is huge and they are unable to contact with each other, thus, there are need to write letters for business transaction (Sankrusme, 2017). It could be a hand written letter, which takes some time to reach to the receiver, otherwise emails are one of the best options in these days as it takes few seconds to deliver. With the assi stance of modern technology like internet, helps to communicate fast and easily. It has transformed the business communication completely into a new paradigm (Yue, 2012). The customer as well as businesspersons could write business correspondence to each other seeking information of the products. The different types of business letters are enquiry letter incorporating detailed description, price, mode of payment and delivery of a product, discounts and offers, order letter for placing an order and complaint letter from the part of the consumers. Another type of business letter is recovery letter written for collecting money from the customers. A two-sided procedure like this enhances business into national and international level in an easy and effective way (Kolin, 2013). Sometimes business correspondence is used to maintain goodwill with the customers. Often, customers send their feedback and suggestion to the businesspersons in reply to a business letter. Sometimes business executives want to inform to the customers about the launch of new product, clearance sale. It even serves as an evidence to keep records of the communication between two parties. Business letters tone should be formal as this serves an official purpose. The language should be precise, clear and simple, accurate, to the point and devoid of any difficult words. It has an accepted format, which is followed universally (Guffey Loewy, 2012). Therefore, from the above discussion it can be summed up that there is considerable importance and usefulness of business correspondence in the business sector, more importantly for conducting the international trade, business correspondence plays a very important role. Day by day, its importance has been increasing as the business sector is growing. Reference list: Guffey, M. E., Loewy, D. (2012).Essentials of business communication. Cengage Learning. Kolin, P. C. (2013).Successful writing at work. Cengage Learning. Rashid, N. (2016). Business Correspondence. An Introduction. Sankrusme, S. (2017).International Business Correspondence. diplom. de. Yu, Z., Fu, Y. (2014). A Study on the Characteristics and Writing Principles of Business Correspondence. Yue, C. (2012). On the evolution of writing style of business English correspondence [J].Journal of Nanchang College of Education,3, 088.

The effects of electromagnetic fields on human health

Introduction Abbreviated as EMF or EM field, an electromagnetic field can be described as a physical field mainly generated when electrically charged objects are moved. It usually affects the behavior of all charged particles within the neighborhood of the field. In general, electromagnetic field exists indefinitely in space and denotes scientific electromagnetic interaction, which is among nature’s fundamental forces. Others include strong and weak interaction and gravitational interaction.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The effects of electromagnetic fields on human health specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This field can therefore be considered as a combination of magnetic and electric fields, produced by currents and stationary charges respectively (Joe 1). These are described as the major sources of any electromagnetic field. It is important to note that electromagnetic fields have found an array of a pplications that have continued to be beneficial to mankind. Nevertheless, these electromagnetic fields have a wide range of effects on human health. This report gives an analysis of these effects and how human beings respond. Other segments synthesized include but not limited to types of electromagnetic fields, sources, solutions and recommendations. Types of electromagnetic fields Classification of electromagnetic fields is based on the wavelength, giving a unique type of radiation for a given emission. Despite the fact that this approach of classification has been proved to be effective and accurate, neighboring electromagnetic energies overlap. In some cases, classification of electromagnetic fields is based on sources of radiation, say when differentiating X-rays from gamma rays. The following segments describe different types of electromagnetic fields, commonly encountered through their significant applications. Radio frequency Appropriate antennas make use of radio waves as d escribed under the resonance principle, with an approximate wavelength range of between one millimeter and several hundreds of meters. Radio waves are common in data transmission through modulation. Common devices which use these waves include but not limited to television, wireless networking, amateur radio and mobile phones (Joe 1). The usage of this type of radiations is always government-regulated through allocation of frequencies. Microwaves This type of waves is short and able to make use of tubular metal waveguides, which have a realistic diameter. Microwave energy is principally produced by magnetron and klystron tubes coupled with solid diodes like IMPATT and Gunn equipment (Hinwood 123). Additionally, the waves can only be absorbed by particles that have a dipole moment while in their liquid state. They are applied in thermal heating, in Wi-Fi and in volumetric heating. Infrared Radiation Infrared spectrum occurs within a range of 300 GHz to 400 THz and can be broadly divi ded into three sections, namely, Far, Mid, and Near-infrared. Far-infrared ranges between 300 GHz to 30THz, with its lower part sometimes referred to as microwaves. It is absorbed by rotational modes in gaseous state, by phonons in solid state and by movement of molecules in the liquid phase.Advertising Looking for report on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the other hand, mid-infrared occurs within a frequency of 30 to 120 THz (Hinwood 123). It is believed that heated objects effectively radiate in this region as it is absorbed by vibrations of molecules when they are at equilibrium positions. The region is sometimes referred to as fingerprint region. Lastly, the near-infrared spectrum falls within 120 and 400 THz. It exhibits physical processes that are identical to those observed under visible light. Visible radiation This includes the range in which most stars like the sun emit their radiations. Additio nally, the human eye is highly sensitive to this region. Visible light is principally absorbed and released by elections moving from one energy shell to another. It therefore follows that the light seen by human eyes represents a very minute portion of the electromagnetic field (Hinwood 124). Ultraviolet radiation The wavelength of this radiation falls below violet but higher than X-rays. Abbreviated as UV, these radiations have the ability to break chemical bonds, causing some molecules to be more reactive or alter their physical properties. UV radiations cause sunburns, which occur when skin cells are affected by rays. This has been found to be a major cause of skin cancer in most parts of the world. Besides these, UV may affect DNA molecules resulting into irreparable mutation problems. The sun is known to be a major source of UV rays, posing a threat to humanity as the risk of desertification heightens. However, these rays are usually absorbed by the ozone layer, which is threat ened by depletion due to emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. X-rays These rays also have the ionizing potential and interact with matter as a result of the Compton Effect. They are classified as either hard or soft X-rays. Because of their ability to pass through a range of materials, X-rays are commonly used to see through other objects. This has led to X-rays being adopted for radiography, a process that allows scanning of organs to facilitate diagnostic processes in medicine. They are also used in astronomy and high-energy physics (Attix 124). Gamma radiations These rays were discovered in 1900 by Paul Villard. Since their discovery, they have been widely applied in physics, medicine and general science. They are the strongest and most energetic radiations known to human beings. They can be produced from radioactive isotopes. Other applications include irradiation, and cancer imaging using PET scans (Attix 124). Through Compton scattering, the wavelength of these ra ys can be determined. As mentioned before, most electromagnetic fields exhibit overlap of energies. As a result, there are no distinct boundaries for various bands of magnetic radiations. Consequently, some radiations carry a mixture of properties.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The effects of electromagnetic fields on human health specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Sources of electromagnetic radiations There are two major sources of electromagnetic fields known in history. These are natural sources and human made sources. The main natural source of electromagnetic sources is the sun, the largest star that has a lot of significance to human life. As mentioned above, Ultraviolet rays are emitted by the sun and have harmful effect on human health; they cause sunburns that lead to skin cancer and destruction of skin cells (Hinwood 121). UV rays are usually absorbed by the ozone layer prevent their full impact from reaching the earth. However, due to the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, there has been continuous depletion of the ozone, allowing these rays to hit the earth directly, a condition that exposes the earth to desertification and high prevalence of skin diseases. Apart from the sun as the main source of electromagnetic fields, human made sources have also become significant and of importance in the world. Under this category, electricity is believed to be the commonest source of electromagnetic fields. Being a major source of power around the world, this implies that human beings are prone to exposure of rays produced by electricity (Sources of Electromagnetic Radiation 1). These rays are mainly produced when electricity is transmitted through cables and machines. Importantly, electricity continues to produce electromagnetic fields even after it has been delivered to users. In other words, electricity emits radiations from generation to distribution through transmissi on. In its usage, people in offices, institutions, homes, factories and other structures are vulnerable to getting in contact with radiations produced by electricity (Hinwood 122). Beyond, electricity, almost every electrical appliance and equipment emit radiations that interact with the user or operator. In the understanding of electromagnetic fields, it is important to note that there are several generators of radiations at workplaces. These mainly include electric appliances and electronic devices like computers, printers, fax machines, fluorescent lights, scanners, copy machines, motors, telephone switching systems and other countless electrical devices. In most homes around the world, electromagnetic generators include electric blankets, television, electric water bed heaters, cell phones, clothes washers, blenders, coffee makers, microwave ovens, stereo systems and refrigerators among others (Hinwood 121). Notably, electromagnetic radiations are not only produced when applianc es use electricity, but it is the nature of these appliances like television, radio and other communication gadgets to emit radiations.Advertising Looking for report on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Aside from electricity and electric appliances, several transportation methods are also a source of electromagnetic radiations. These methods are magnetic trains, automobiles, subway systems, airplanes and trucks. It is worth noting that in the presence of two or more sources of electromagnetic fields at the same location, there is a likelihood of overlapping fields to be produced. This means that office and metropolitan homes are usually saturated with an array of electromagnetic fields from different sources within their vicinity (Sources of Electromagnetic Radiation 1). Effects electromagnetic radiations Although most electromagnetic fields have limitless applications in life, say in medicine, physics and astronomy among other disciplines, research has found out that there are countless effects caused by these radiations on human body and in general daily living. These effects can be classified into several categories like electrical hazards, fire hazards, biological effects and other long-term effects (Upton 65). Electrical and fire hazards The use of electricity exposes users to high risk levels associated with strong radiations that have the potential of releasing an electric shock to human beings or even animals. Electrical shocks have varying impact depending on the strength of the electric current flowing. Nevertheless, strong shocks are fatal and can cause death of human beings through electrocution. Overloading of these radiations can also lead to the destruction of electrical equipment if control measures are not taken. Another effect of electromagnetic radiations is explosions. This is common in cases where strong radiations are being used coupled with faulty transmission or connection errors. Electrical explosions are dangerous and the intensity of an explosion equally depends on the source of radiations and the nature of interruptions. These explosions lead to loss of lives and destruction of property (Blake and Henry 370). Fire hazards are also a common effect of electromagnetic radiations. This mainly occurs when induced voltage is higher than the breakdown voltage within a particular region. In extreme cases, sparks are common, resulting into fire accidents. This is a major cause of forest fires and other electricity-related fire accidents. Major adverse effects of such cases include loss of life and destruction of property (Sources of Electromagnetic Radiation 2). Biological hazards Exposure to electromagnetic radiations results into short and long-term biological effects. As a result, people are likely to experience the impact of radiations variedly depending on the type of radiation and degree of exposure. Although short term effects of electromagnetic fields in human beings are common, it is important to note some of the symptoms exhibited by victims may not be recognized easily. As such, many cases of electromagnetic exposure go unnoticed among many people around the world. What are some of these short-term effects ? They include physical changes on the human body, which could easily be associated with lack of certain nutrients in the body. Common effects include: hair loss, headaches, stress, nausea, chest pain, sunburns and hyperthermia among others. Importantly, some of these may turn into long-term effects like skin cancer resulting from simple sunburns (Upton 65). Long term effects One of the major long term effects of electromagnetic fields in human beings is brain tumors. Most cell phones used today emit radiations that cause excitation of some brain parts whereas others are inhibited. The brain’s cortex is the most vulnerable part as it is adjacent to the outside of the ear where phones are placed during communication (Blake and Henry 370). Apart from formation of tumors, exposure to radiations causes general damage of the brain. Cell phone frequencies also lead to aggressive growth of cells among Leukemia patients. This is common in both children and adults, although the impact depends on the level of exposure. Additionally, these fields result into high cases of miscarriage among pregnant women. Electric appliances known to emit such rays include food mixers, hairdryers and vacuum cleaners commonly used domestically. Another permanent impact of electromagnetic fields is the irreparable damage of the DNA. This results into birth defects and neurodegenerative diseases. As mentioned earlier, skin cancer is common due to sunburns caused by high exposure to UV radiations (Upton 65). Recommendation and conclusion As noted above, almost all electromagnetic fields have negative effects on human being. It is therefore important to consider ways of mitigating the effects of these rays or limiting human exposure. Government solutions include proper power lines and cell phone towers location to avoid disconnections and erroneous faults. The government should further educate the public on potential impact of EMF’s. Personal mitigation efforts include minimizin g phone usage and determination of EMF’s levels at home so as to take necessary measures. Works Cited Attix, Frank. Introduction to radiological physics and radiation dosimetry. Munich: Wiley-VCH, 1986. Print. Blake, Levitt, and Henry Lai. â€Å"Biological effects from exposure to electromagnetic radiation emitted by cell tower base stations and other antenna arrays.† Environmental Reviews, 18.1 (2010): 369-395. Hinwood, Barry. A textbook of science for the health professions. United Kingdom: Nelson Thornes, 1992. Print. Joe, Hall. â€Å"The Negative Effects of Electromagnetic Fields.† Consumer Health 20.9 (1997): 1. Print. Sources of Electromagnetic Radiation. â€Å"What are Electromagnetic Fields?† Apple Mobile, 2011. Web. Upton, Arthur. Health effects of exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation: BEIR V. New York: National Academies, 1990. Print. This report on The effects of electromagnetic fields on human health was written and submitted by user Everett Cain to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Chief Joseph Biography

Chief Joseph Biography Chief Joseph, known to his people as Young Joseph or simply Joseph, was the leader of the Wallowa band of Nez Perce people, a Native American tribe that lived on the Columbia River Plateau in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States from the early 18th century to the late 19th century. He succeeded his father Chief Joseph the Elder as chief in 1871 and continued to lead the Nez Perce until his death in 1904. Primarily due to his passionate leadership during the forced removal of his people from their ancestral lands by the United States government, Chief Joseph remains an iconic figure of American and Native American history. Fast Facts: Chief Joseph Full Native Name: Hinmatà ³owyalahtqÌ“it (â€Å"Hin-mah-too-yah-lat-kekt†)Known As: Chief Joseph, Young Joseph, The Red NapoleonKnown For: Leader of the Wallowa Valley (Oregon) band of the Nez Perce native peoples (1871 to 1904). Led his people during the Nez Perce War of 1877.Born:  March 3, 1840, in Wallowa Valley, OregonDied: September 21, 1904 (aged 64), in Colville Indian Reservation, Washington StateParents: Tuekakas (Old Joseph, Joseph the Elder) and KhapkhaponimiWife: Heyoon Yoyikt SpringChildren: Jean-Louise (daughter)Notable Quotation: â€Å"I will fight no more forever.† Early Life and Background Chief Joseph was born Hinmatà ³owyalahtqÌ“it (â€Å"Hin-mah-too-yah-lat-kekt†), meaning â€Å"Thunder Rolling Down the Mountain† in the Nez Perce language, in the Wallowa Valley of what is now northeastern Oregon on March 3, 1840. Known as Young Joseph during his youth and later as Joseph, he was named after his Christian father Tuekakas, baptized â€Å"Joseph the Elder.† As one of the first Nez Perce chiefs to convert to Christianity, Joseph the Elder initially worked to maintain peace with early white settlers. In 1855, he peacefully negotiated a treaty with the United States establishing a Nez Perce reservation on their traditional lands in the Wallowa Valley. However, when the gold rushes of the 1860s attracted a new influx of settlers, the U.S. government asked the Nez Perce to move to a far smaller reservation in Idaho in return for financial incentives and a reservation hospital. When Joseph the Elder, along with his fellow Nez Perce leaders, chiefs Looking Glass and White Bird, refused to agree, conflict seemed inevitable. Joseph the Elder erected signs around the tribe’s lands proclaiming, â€Å"Inside this boundary, all our people were born. It circles the graves of our fathers, and we will never give up these graves to any man.† Nez Perce group known as Chief Josephs Band, Lapwai, Idaho, spring, 1877. Public Domain Chief Joseph and the Nez Perce War Chief Joseph assumed leadership of the Wallowa band of the Nez Perce when Joseph the Elder died in 1871. Before he passed away, his father had asked Young Joseph to protect the Nez Perce lands and guard his grave. To the request, Young Joseph replied, â€Å"I clasped my fathers hand and promised to do as he asked. A man who would not defend his fathers grave is worse than a wild beast.† In 1873, Joseph convinced the U.S. government to allow the Nez Perce to remain on their land in the Wallowa Valley. But in the spring of 1877, as violence between the Nez Perce and settlers grew more commonplace, the government sent the Army to force the Nez Perce to move to the smaller reservation in Idaho. Rather than being relocated to Idaho, Joseph’s band of the Nez Perce decided to flee the U.S. seeking asylum in Canada. Over the next four months, Chief Joseph led his band of 700 Nez Perce- including only about 200 warriors- on a 1,400-mile trek towards Canada. Fending off repeated attacks by U.S. troops, the march of Joseph and his people became known as the Nez Perce War. Along the way, the greatly outnumbered Nez Perce warriors actually won several major battles, leading the U.S. press to declare Chief Joseph â€Å"The Red Napoleon.† However, by the time they neared the Canadian border in the fall of 1877, Chief Joseph’s beaten and starving people were no longer able to fight or travel. On October 5, 1877, Chief Joseph surrendered to the U.S. Cavalry General Oliver O. Howard, delivering one of the most famous speeches in American history. After recounting the suffering, starvation, and death his people had endured, he memorably concluded, â€Å"Hear me, my chiefs! I am tired; my heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever.† Three men in full ceremonial dress and a man in military uniform stand before the new tombstone of Chief Joseph, of the Nez Perce people. Tombstone inscription facing the camera reads: He led his people in the Nez Perce War of 1877. Died Sept. 21, 1904. Aged about 60 years. Public Domain Later Life and Death Rather than being returned to their Wallowa Valley home in Oregon, Chief Joseph and his 400 surviving people were loaded on unheated railcars and shipped first to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, then to a reservation in the Indian Territory of Oklahoma. In 1879, Joseph met with President Rutherford B. Hayes in Washington, D.C., to request that his people be returned to Idaho. While Hayes respected Joseph and personally favored the move, opposition from Idaho prevented him from acting. At last, in 1885, Chief Joseph and his people were taken to the Colville Indian Reservation in the state of Washington, far from their ancestral Wallowa Valley home. Sadly, Chief Joseph never again saw Wallowa Valley, dying at age 64 of what his doctors called â€Å"a broken heart,† on the Colville Reservation on September 21, 1904. Legacy Bearing his name as a tribute to his leadership, the Chief Joseph band of Nez Perce still live on the Colville Indian Reservation. While he is buried on the reservation, he is also honored in the Pacific Northwest at the Chief Joseph Dam on the Columbia River; at Chief Joseph Pass on the Idaho-Montana border; and perhaps most fittingly, at Chief Joseph Mountain, which overlooks the town of Joseph in the Wallowa Valley. Sources and Further Reference â€Å"Chief Joseph: Hin-mah-too-yah-lat-kekt (1840-1904).† The West. PBSBuerge, David M. â€Å"Chief Seattle and Chief Joseph: From Indians to Icons.† University of Washingtonâ€Å"Old Chief Joseph Gravesite History.† U.S. National Park Service.The Treaty Period.† Nez Perce National Historical Parkâ€Å"The Flight of 1877.† Nez Perce National Historical Park.Leckie, Robert (1998). â€Å"The Wars of America.† Castle Books. ISBN 0-7858-0914-7.

Castration as a punishment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Castration as a punishment - Essay Example Castration is a method of punishment that involves the authorities chopping off the private parts of the offender. Various debates have existed on whether this method of punishment is fair and it is appropriate to go through several facts that show why it ought to continue. Many people have argued that this method of punishment is not fair for it involves messing with the body parts of a human being. This argument does not have much support for going through the areas that have passed this law; they pass it for it assists in punishing criminals who engage in uncouth activities such as rape (Goldin, 2013). When carrying out rape, the criminals get to mess with the private parts of innocent individuals and thus the reason why it is fair for the authorities to carry out the same type of punishment on the person. Another argument that can be used to show the fact that these people ought to be castrated is the issue of repeat offenders. Many cases exist where the person who carried out the raping crime carries out the same mistake again (Becker, 2012). After being caught and imprisoned for the first time, these people have the ability to feel as if they did not deserve the punishment and as a sign of rebellion may rape again. This matter has existed for a very long time. However, if a person is castrated after carrying out the crime for the first time, then there is no chance that he can carry out the crime again. Castration ought to be a sentencing option to the judges and this ids for the fact that when a person is sentenced to punishment of castration, he goes through much pain and suffering that may be effective enough to act as a warning to other people that may have had similar intentions. Moreover, this method of sentencing ensures that the offender does not carry out the crime again even after the release (Tracy, 2013). There are different cases that have come up over the